Soot-associated PAHs were exposed to simulated sunlight to investigate disappearance rates under environmental aging conditions and to examine the robustness of diagnostic ratios for PAH source apportionment. Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene showed an obvious two-phase disappearance in all experiments while phenanthrene and anthracene exhibited this behavior for all but t...

What makes the sun shine? How does the sun produce the vast amount of energy necessary to support life on earth? These questions challenged scientists for a hundred and fifty years, beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. Theoretical physicists battled geologists and evolutionary biologists in a heated controversy over who had the correct answer. Why was there so much fuss about this...

Further to Rose Mitchell's and Darren Savarimuthu's comments (letters June 20, July 4), I think they both need to look at why they wanted to be nurses in the first place.

The problem of how to protect sea turtle nests from terrestrial predators is of worldwide concern. On Queensland's southern Sunshine Coast, depredation of turtle nests by the introduced European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has been recorded as the primary terrestrial cause of egg and hatchling mortality. We investigated the impact of foxes on the nests of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and...

1 Australian Rivers Institute – Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia 2 School of Science & Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD 4558, Australia 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 4 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Marine ...

To set up a reasonable crop irrigation system in the context of global climate change in Northern Xinjiang, China, reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was analyzed by means of spatiotemporal variations. The ET0 values from 1962 to 2010 were calculated by Penman-Monteith formula, based on meteorological data of 22 meteorological observation stations in the study area. The spatiotemporal vari...

Dr. Harold D. Appleton, a Dedicated Beginning When Dr. Harold D. Appleton took over the small, semi-regular newsletter, The Clinical Chemist, from Dr. Andre Kibrick, he “ate, drank and slept ‘The Clinical Chemist,’” according to Irving Sunshine, PhD. Dr. Appleton took over as editor in 1950 after working for 1 year as assistant editor under Dr. Kibrick. During his editorship, Appleton developed...

Background: Some studies on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have suggested that adequate vitamin D intake can modulate the course of MS and decreases its incidence. However, there are limited studies with conflicting findings on the relation between MS severity, its course, and vitamin D intake.  Objectives: The current study aimed to compare vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure between MS phenotype...

Does the level of sunlight affect the tipping percentage in taxicab rides in New York City? We examined this question using data on 13.82 million cab rides from January to October in 2009 in New York City combined with data on hourly levels of solar radiation. We found a small but statistically significant positive relationship between sunlight and tipping, with an estimated tipping increase of...