This chapter explores the nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in an African context, using Carroll’s CSR Pyramid as a framework for descriptive analysis. Carroll’s CSR Pyramid is probably the most well-known model of CSR, with its four levels indicating the relative importance of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities respectively. However, the exploration of CS...

Evaluating the selection of content in a summary is important both for human-written summaries, which can be a useful pedagogical tool for reading and writing skills, and machinegenerated summaries, which are increasingly being deployed in information management. The pyramid method assesses a summary by aggregating content units from the summaries of a wise crowd (a form of crowdsourcing). It h...

The efficiency of all Zerotree coding algorithms relay on the "decaying spectrum" hypothesis: a wavelet coefficient within a certain frequency scale of a wavelet subband decomposition has a larger magnitude than all his descendants (coefficients situated in higher frequency scales having the same spatial orientation). The higher the percentage this hypothesis is satisfied, the better are the re...

Any software development project uses software tools that assist its developers in coordinating their efforts. These tools, termed coordination technologies in this paper, have undergone remarkable changes over time in the functionality that they offer. We contribute a novel perspective on this historical trend with our Coordination Pyramid, a framework that recognizes four distinct paradigms o...

One of the main challenges for industrialization passivating contact approach Si solar cells is metallization with screen‐printed paste while maintaining low saturation current density. Using a non‐commercial Ag to metallize atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) (n) poly‐Si, metal formation contacts on planar and textured substrates investigated. The creates deep imprints cause...

Octree Splitting We extend the irregular pyramid segmentation scheme to three dimensional (3D) digital space and we call it hyper-irregular pyramid segmentation. Based on this segmentation scheme, a 3D texture image is split into partitions recursively based on octree structure. The testure features are calculated based on 3D gray level spatial dependency measurement. The octree is subsequently...