Recently, however, copper has been introduced for interconnect conductivity, replacing aluminum alloys. A variety of low-dielectric constant materials are being introduced to reduce parasitic capacitance, replacing silicon dioxide. As dimensions continue to shrink, the traditional silicon dioxide gate dielectric thickness has been reduced to the point where tunneling current has become signifi ...

In a one-pot reaction, hydrogen peroxide generated from H(2) and O(2) on a Pd catalyst was utilised as oxidant for the TiO(2) catalyzed conversion of a sulfide to a sulfone. This transformation, where two different nanoparticle catalysts were employed in a supercritical carbon dioxide/water biphasic system, demonstrates the potential of compartmentalising catalytic processes in consecutive reac...

Silicon electronics dominates information processing, and offers a remarkable technology for making very complex systems for very little cost. Many of the waveguide passive optical components that we use today in telecommunications, such as wavelength splitters, use the same technology base – the silicon, silicon dioxide and silicon nitride that are the semiconductors and insulators of electron...

Ethionamide is a yellow crystalline, nonhygroscopic compound with a faint to moderate sulfide odor and a melting point of 162°C. It is practically insoluble in water and ether, but soluble in methanol and ethanol. It has a partition coefficient (octanol/water) Log P value of 0.3699. Trecator tablets contain 250 mg of ethionamide. The inactive ingredients present are croscarmellose sodium, FD&C ...

Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is one of the most widely used plants for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Usually dry plant extracts, including V. officinalis, are hygroscopic materials with poor physico-mechanical properties that can be directly compressed.A V. officinalis dry extract with moderate hygroscocity is suitable for direct compression, and was obtained by using a sim...

Silicon photovoltaic cells have design and material requirements different from those of most other silicon electronic devices. Not only are nearly ideal silicon surfaces required, but also the bulk properties must be of uniform high quality for high-energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, emission spectra of laser-generated plasmas from titanium dioxide antireflection coatings in solar ce...

Abstract The influence of different concentrations and nanoparticles’ diameter silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the Nusselt number enhancement ratio friction factor for solar thermal collector (STC) was examined numerically. CFD model designed to show flow water/SiO 2 pure water inside pipe performance STC. Different SiO are used ( ϕ = 1–4%) with several nanoparticle diameters (dp 20–50 nm). un...

Each MERIDIA capsule contains 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg of sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate. It also contains as inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, NF; microcrystalline cellulose, NF; colloidal silicon dioxide, NF; and magnesium stearate, NF in a hard-gelatin capsule [which contains titanium dioxide, USP; gelatin; FD&C Blue No. 2 (5and 10-mg capsules only); D&C Yellow No. 10 (5and 15-...

Energy transfer from photo-excited excitons confined in silicon nanoparticles to oxygen dimers adsorbed on the nanoparticle surfaces is studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Quenching features in the nanoparticle photoluminescence spectrum arise from energy transfer to the oxygen dimers with and without the emission of Si TO(Δ) phonons and, also, with and without the vibratio...