In this article, a theory is presented which assumes that the visual P1 reflects the same cognitive and physiological functionality as alpha (with a frequency of about 10 Hz).Whereas alpha is an ongoing process, the P1 is the manifestation of an event-related process. It is suggested that alpha and the P1 reflect inhibition that is effective during early access to a complex knowledge system (KS...

A spatiotemporal filtering method for single-trial ERP component estimation is presented. Instead of modeling the entire ERP waveform, the method focuses on the ERP component local descriptors (amplitude and latency) thru the spatial diversity of multichannel recordings and thus it is tailored to extract signals in negative signal to noise ratio conditions. The model allows for both amplitude a...

different methods exists for jamming mitigation and we should choose a method based an the jammer type and other parameters. one of the jammers is narrow band fm jammer and we use subspace projection techniques for the suppression of this type of jammer. in subspace projection technique, we estimate the if of signals and construct the subspace vector that is orthogonal to jammer vector by incre...

This paper proposes a new method for rejecting the Continuous Wave Interferences (CWI) in the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The proposed filter is made by cascading an adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and a Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) based filter. Although adaptive FIR filters are easy to implement and have a linear phase, they create self-noise in the rejection of...

Signal-to-noise ratio, the ratio between signal and noise, is a quantity that has been well established for MRI data but is still subject of ongoing debate and confusion when it comes to fMRI data. fMRI data are characterised by small activation fluctuations in a background of noise. Depending on how the signal of interest and the noise are identified, signal-to-noise ratio for fMRI data is rep...

This research proposes an Adaptive Weighted Fuzzy Mean Filter (AWFMF) based on Cloud Model (CM) to remove the salt and pepper noise in the digital images. Also, the performance of the proposed filter is compared with existing variants of median and switching filters using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and quality index. The proposed filter is able to remove salt and pepper noise even at 90%...