BACKGROUND To quantify the economic impact of sight loss and blindness in the United Kingdom (UK) population, including direct and indirect costs, and its burden on health. METHODS Prevalence data on sight loss and blindness by condition, Census demographic data, data on indirect costs, and healthcare cost databases were used. Blindness was defined as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of < ...

This study was intended to examine whether differences exist in the motions employed by pianists when they are sightreading versus performing repertoire and to determine whether these differences can be quantified using high-speed motion capture technology. A secondary question of interest was whether or not an improvement in the efficiency of motion could be observed between two sight-reading ...

Determination of mobile localization with time of arrival (TOA) signal is a requirement in cellular mobile communication. In some of the previous methods, localization with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths can lead to large position error. Also for simplicity, in most simulations suppose non stationary actual environments as stationary. This paper proposes (residual test + recursive least square)...

The Hebbian synapse and Hebb learning rule are familiar to those working on biological and machine learning. But Hebb's insights from over fifty years ago carry many other lessons in learning and may contribute to a more parsimonious taxonomy of the mechanisms involved.

which sleep uni-hemispherically or bi-hemispherically depending on the context [3], captive cetaceans almost never sleep bilaterally [ ,8,9] even when they are motionless [ 0]. Unraveling how marine mammals manage the inherent tradeoff [3] between wakefulness and sleep will require the development of procedures for observing eye closure and other physiological variables, including EEG, in free-...

Sight distance obviously affects safety. Although this statement is universally accepted, the relationship between sight distance and safety has not yet been successfully quantified. One reason for this is the obvious strong correlation between sight distance and alignment. Where roads have no vertical or horizontal alignment change, the available stopping sight distance (SSD) is not limited by...

AIM To compare absolute values of regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (cStO2 ) during haemodynamic transition after birth and repeatability during steady state for two commercial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. METHODS In a prospective observational study, the INVOS 5100C and FORE-SIGHT were compared on 12 term newborns delivered by elective caesarean section. During the 10 min fo...

This paper uses the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing to explore the self-reported effect of cataract operations on eye-sight. A non-parametric analysis shows clearly that most cataract patients report improved eye-sight after surgery and a parametric analysis provides further information: it shows that the beneficial effect is larger the worse was self-reported eye-sight preceding surgery ...

Line of sight estimation accuracy improvement is attempted using depth image (distance between user and display) and ellipsoidal model (shape of user’s eye) of cornea curvature. It is strongly required to improve line of sight estimation accuracy for perfect computer input by human eyes only. The conventional method for line of sight estimation is based on the approximation of cornea shape with...