A ground survey of Transcaspian urial (Ovis orientalis [vignei] arkal) was conducted over a 7-day period in March 2000 on a 113-km portion of the Aktau Buzachinsky Nature Reserve in southwest Kazakhstan. The purpose of the survey was to determine the population status of urial, especially males. A total of 491 urial (183 ewes, 97 rams, 15 lambs, 196 unclassified) were observed. About 70 urial w...