The impacts of the real exchange rate on employment and its channels are investigated. A real appreciation, 1) by decreasing the cost of imported inputs and increasing real wages expressed in tradable goods (technological channel), 2) by decreasing exports (export volume channel), 3) by exerting pressure on efficiency improvement (efficiency channel), exerts a negative effect on employment. Usi...

This paper examines the relationships between the operating characteristics of the consumer purchase decision process and the channel switching intentions of consumers. A theoretical model that explains consumer channel switching intentions is constructed and tested based on a sample of 337 actual consumers. The analysis indicates that the overall channel-switching tendency from offline to onli...

The impact of redistributive policies on voluntary contributions is still not well understood. While a higher level of redistributive taxation decreases the price of voluntary giving, it also changes the income distribution by decreasing income inequality. This paper provides a controlled laboratory experiment to investigate the net impact of the tax rate on public goods provision. The experime...

water distribution method based on the type of water conduits can be divided into two groups, namely, open and closed systems, while on the basis of the energy of the water flow, the two groups are gravity flow and pressurized flow. open channel type conveyance and distribution is achieved by gravity and includes channels made by embankment construction, excavation, or construction of prefabric...

On the basis of an analysis number goods that are transported and handled in maritime transport, ports for cargo ships may be considered as places with concentrated emissions. Reducing emissions can achieved by shortening stay times ships. The time spend reduced to is required effective handling goods. One solutions using equipment linear rolling systems. To prevent idle unnecessary increment b...

We consider a three-level distribution network involving a raw material supplier with imperfect quality, a manufacturer and several retailers. A production-inventory model accompanied by a partial backlogging approach is developed by considering random disruptions. Any batch received from the supplier is inspected by the manufacturer and if any flaw is visited, all the goods in the inspected ba...

The putative voltage-sensitive release mechanism (VSRM) was investigated in rabbit cardiac myocytes at 37 degrees C with high resistance microelectrodes to minimize intracellular dialysis. When the holding potential was adjusted from -40 to -60 mV, the putative VSRM was expected to operate alongside CICR. Under these conditions however, we did not observe a plateau at positive potentials of the...

In the distribution of goods from a central depot to geographically dispersed customers happens quite frequently that some customers, called linehauls, receive goods from that depot while others, named backhauls, send goods to it. This situation is described and studied by the vehicle routing problem with backhauls. In this paper we present a new tabu search algorithm that starting from pseudo-...