The question “When should investment in pest control stop?” either explicitly or implicitly underpins decisions concerning pest control made at every level of enterprise or government, regardless of whether these decisions are tactical or strategic. Bioeconomic modeling provides a quantitative framework for considering the benefits and costs of alternative pest control strategies. In this case ...

—As the use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) such as drone has been increased recently, aerial video shooting technology and surveillance system began to attract global attention. The video surveillance system using an UAV requires high speed wireless transmission technology to obtain high resolution video images in real-time under poor on-air channel environment, accurate positioning trace te...

Several taxa of simultaneously hermaphroditic land snails exhibit a conspicuous mating behaviour, the so-called shooting of love darts. During mating, such land snail species transfer a specific secretion by stabbing a mating partner's body with the love dart. It has been shown that sperm donors benefit from this traumatic secretion transfer, because the secretions manipulate the physiology of ...

We present a limited memory method for maximum-likelihood-based state estimation of hidden Markov models. We reduce the memory storage requirements by expressing the optimal states as a function of checkpoints bounding a shooting interval. All states can then be recomputed as needed from a recursion stemming from the optimality conditions. The matching of states at checkpoints are imposed, in a...

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been associated with elevated post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the extant literature. However, no research to date has investigated whether pre-trauma IU predicts PTSS following trauma exposure. The current study prospectively examined the relationship between IU and PTSS within a sample of individuals with various levels of exposure to a university c...

purpose the aim of this study was to investigat the offensive efficiency of the professional handball players forming the front and rear lines. methods our investigation was carried out on four matches (final, semi-finals and classifying match) at the 19th male handball world championship “tunisia 2005”. finalist teams were tunisia, france, croatia, and spain. matches were recorded using 5 digi...

Unit testing of software requires the construction of large amounts of supporting software Test drivers and stubs are needed to isolate the unit under test from other units and test cases speci cations need to be translated into compilable code Constructing test software is as time consuming and as fault prone as any other software and sometimes more so To support testers there are tools that c...

Ambitions to minimize the medicalized/institutional character of meal times in nursing homes often unfolds as ambitions to make them more homelike. An inherent challenge is that the notion of a homelike meal is personal and problematic to import to a collective setting where residents have different views of what a meal time at home should be like. Based on 100 hours of participant observations...

Numerical simulations involving multiple, physically different domains can be solved effectively by coupling simulation programs, or solvers, in a partitioned approach. This means that it is possible to use sophisticated solvers for the individual domains. The coordination of the different solvers is commonly handled by a coupling shell. A coupling shell synchronizes the execution of the solver...

where 0 < αi < βi < 1, 0 < ξi < ηi < 1, γi > 0, ρi > 0, i = 1, 2, . . . ,n, λ > 0, μ > 0. J = [0, 1], J∗ = J\{t1, t2, . . . , tp}, 0 = t0 < t1 < t2 < · · · < tp < tp+1 = 1, u(tk) = u(t+ k ) – u(t– k ) denotes the jump of u(t) at t = tk , u(t+ k ) and u(t – k ) represent the right and left limits of u(t) at t = tk , respectively, u′(tk) has a similar meaning for u′(t). In fact, multi-strip condi...