Twigs of Salix species are candidates for cryopreservation procedures because they become tolerant of freezing temperatures during mid-winter. We examined several variables in developing a two-step cryopreservation procedure for sections from these twigs. Samples of Salix triandra cooled to -30 or -35 degree C and then transferred to the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen gave the greatest percen...

Justicidin B, an arylnaphthalene lignan, has strong cytotoxicity on chronic myeloid and chronic lymphoid leukemia cell lines. The first report of the production of justicidin B in a Linum species concerned in vitro culture of Linum austriacum. Therefore, culture characterization and presence of arylnaphthalene-type lignans in calli and plantlets of Linum tenuifolium from section Linastrum, Linu...

American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is currently regarded as functionally extinct because of chestnut blight. To reintroduce blight-resistant American chestnut back to its historic range, it is imperative to understand the silvics and silviculture of the species. In an outdoor rainout shelter, we grew American chestnut seedlings at four levels of irradiance (4, 12, 32 and 100% of full sunlight...

Black willow ( Salix nigra ) uses periodic flood events for dispersal of vegetative propagules, subjecting them to periods of soaking before their deposition along the streambank. It was hypothesized that this life history trait results in optimal conditions for willow growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using 1.2-m-long black willow cuttings (pos...

Maintenance of organ separation is one of the essential phenomena for normal plant development. We have identified and analyzed ONION3 (ONI3), which is required for avoiding organ fusions in rice. Loss-of-function mutations of ONI3, which were identified as mutants with ectopic expression of KNOX genes in leaves and morphologically resembling KNOX overexpressors, showed abnormal organ fusions i...

In order to investigating the effect of different tobacco cultivars residue on germination and seeding growth of soybean an experiment was conducted at laboratory and glasshouse in college of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2007 as a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. Extracts of root and shoot from two different types of t...

Xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial leaf scorch in its hosts, has a diverse and extensive host range among plant species worldwide. Previous work has shown that water stress enhances leaf scorch symptom severity and progression along the stem in Parthenocissus quinquefolia infected by X. fastidiosa. The objective here was to investigate the mechanisms un...

Apple scions with diverse growth habits were grafted on various size-controlling rootstocks and morphological characteristics were measured after 6 years of growth in the field. Scion had more influence than rootstock on monthly growth rate. Across all rootstocks, scions with spreading growth habits grew rapidly in April and May and achieved most seasonal growth earlier than scions with upright...

The potential use of water hyacinth dry matter for removing heavy metals from wastewater is studied by combining various spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical ab initio calculations. The aquatic plant water hyacinth was treated with 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, and 0.400 M acetic acid for different times up to 19.0 hours. The plant was divided into root and shoot then dried and grinded i...

Maintenance of indeterminacy is fundamental to the generation of plant architecture and a central component of the plant life strategy. Indeterminacy in plants is a characteristic of shoot and root meristems, which must balance maintenance of indeterminacy with organogenesis. The Petunia hybrida HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) gene, a member of the GRAS family of transcriptional regulators, promotes shoot...