Chondrules are a major component of primitive meteorites and are thought to be among the first solids to have formed in the solar system. However, the circum­ stances around the formation of chondrules have remained a mystery for the 200 years that chondrules have been known to exist. In this work, a model is developed to show that shock waves in the nebula could have been responsible for the c...

Capillary electrophoresis techniques often involve ion-concentration shock waves in an electrolyte solution, propagating under the effect of an external electric field. These shock waves are characterized by self-sharpening gradients in ion concentrations and electrical conductivity that are collinear with the electric field. The coupling of electric field and fluid motion at the shock interfac...

Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are associated with many dynamical phenomena, among which EIT waves have always been a puzzle. In this Letter MHD processes of CME-induced wave phenomena are numerically simulated. It is shown that as the flux rope rises, a piston-driven shock is formed along the envelope of the expanding CME, which sweeps the solar surface as it propagates. We propose that t...

We have developed a simulation model of particle acceleration in coronal shock waves. The model is based on a Monte Carlo method, where particles are traced in prescribed large-scale electromagnetic fields utilizing the guiding center approximation. The particles are scattered in the turbulence according to quasilinear theory, with the scattering amplitude directly proportional to the intensity...

The interaction of free-stream disturbances and the bow shock wave in hypersonic ow past a blunt leading edge is an important part of hypersonic boundary layer receptivity to free-stream disturbances. It has been shown that, for a perfect gas, the back and forth interaction and reeection of acoustic waves behind the shock greatly amplify the magnitudes of the disturbance waves. The interaction ...

The impact of shock waves on supersonic cooling films is studied using large-eddy simulations (LES). A laminar cooling film is injected through a slot at a Mach number Mai = 1.8 into a fully turbulent boundary layer at a freestream Mach number Ma∞ = 2.44. The cooling film is disturbed by oblique shock waves at deflection angles of 5° and 8° at two downstream positions of the slot. At shock impi...

The 70-year-old trigger point theory has experienced a growing scientific confirmation and clinical significance as a consequence of recent muscle pain research. The trigger point pain formation is caused by high levels of vasoneuroactive substances. Depending on intensity and duration of the muscle stimulus the central pain processing is modified and leads to characteristic referred pain patte...

Biofilm-associated infections in wounds or on implants are difficult to treat. Eradication of the bacteria is nearly always impossible, despite the use of specific antibiotics. The bactericidal effects of high-energy extracorporeal shock waves on Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, but the effect of low-energy shock waves on staphylococci and staphylococcal biofilms has not been investiga...

Characteristics of small amplitude plane waves within the medium separated by the plane discontinuity into two half spaces are analysed. The approximation of the ideal one-fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is used. The discontinuities with the nonzero mass flux across them are mainly examined. These are fast or slow shock waves and rotational discontinuities. The dispersion equation for MHD wave...