We performed numerical simulations of impact crater formation on Europa to infer the thickness and structure of its ice shell. The simulations were performed using iSALE to test both the conductive ice shell over ocean and the conductive lid over warm convective ice scenarios for a variety of conditions. The modeled crater depth-diameter is strongly dependent on the thermal gradient and tempera...

In this thesis, I present a theoretical model for the Si core/SiGe shell core-shell nanowire system. A model for the single carrier pocket core-shell nanowire is first developed, along with the boundary conditions of a circular wire and sharp interfaces between the two media. A numerical scheme is then developed for the core-shell nanowire system, along with educated approximations for the nume...

background: the method of proton induced x-ray emission (pixe) has been widely used as a sensitive technique to trace elemental analysis in both biological and medical fields. the sensitivity of this powerful method is in the order of ppm .the aim of this work is to analyze structural composition of 4 heavy trace elements with z greater than 24 (mn, fe, cu, zn) in two kinds of gallstones and to...

the activated sludge process is the most used biological wastewater treatment method in the world. sludge bulking is one of the most common problems relateing to activated sludge wastewater treatment, and this fact causes poor settling in secondary sedimentation tank. sludge volume index(svi) and the zone settling velocity(zsv) are parameters to quantify the settleability of activated sludge . ...

We tested two hypotheses: first, that the inferior anoxia tolerance of the softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera, compared to the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii, is related to its less mineralized shell, and second, that turtle bone, like its shell, stores lactate during prolonged anoxia. Lactate concentrations of blood, hindlimb bone, and shell were measured on normoxic Apalone a...

Two explants of shell were removed from each of several fertile eggs of domestic fowl at different times during incubation. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was removed from one of the explants (SHELL ONLY) and was left in situ on the other (SHELL+CAM). Explants were cultured for 24, 48 or 96 h at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 in air in individual Petri dishes containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's...

in this study, an intelligent system for sorting closed shell and open shell pistachio nuts, was designed and developed based on combined acoustic and artificial neural network (ann) techniques. the system included a microphone, pc, material handling equipment and an air reject pneumatic mechanism. the microphone, placed under the steel plate, received sound signals generated by the pistachio n...

to evaluate the morphological diversity of some almond cultivars and genotypes, an experiment was carried out on 55 iranian and foreign genotypes. twenty-nine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of nuts and kernels as well as 4 phenotypic characteristics of almond trees were evaluated. analysis of variance and means comparisons indicated that all the characteristics of the examined cul...

Using  principle  of  minimum  total  potential  energy  approach  in conjunction  with  Rayleigh-Ritz  method,  the  electro-thermo- mechanical  axial  buckling  behavior  of  piezoelectric  polymeric cylindrical  shell  reinforced  with  double-walled  boron-nitride nanotube  (DWBNNT)  is  investigated. Coupling  between  electrical and mechanical  fields  are  considered  according  to  ...