Shear failure is the dominant mode of earthquake-causing rock failure along faults. High fluid pressure can also potentially induce rock failure by opening cavities and cracks, but an active example of this process has not been directly observed in a fault zone. Using borehole array data collected along the low-stress Chelungpu fault zone, Taiwan, we observed several small seismic events (I-typ...

Late Quaternary slip rates and satellite-based geodetic data for the western Great Basin constrain regional fault-slip distribution and evolution. The geologic slip rate on the Fish Lake Valley fault zone (the northwest extension of the Furnace Creek fault zone) increases northward from about 3 to 5 mm/yr, in agreement with modeled geodetic data. The increase coincides with the intersections of...

We calculate the location of the magnetically-inactive dead zone in the minimum-mass protosolar disk, under ionization scenarios including stellar Xrays, longor short-lived radionuclide decay, and energetic protons arriving from the general interstellar medium, from a nearby supernova explosion, from the disk corona, or from the corona of the young star. The disk contains a dead zone in all sce...

Instantaneous velocity fields in the x-y plane of a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer are measured using particle image velocimetry. It is found that there exist random, time-varying zones in the U-V fields in which the streamwise momentum is remarkably uniform. The largest dimension of a typical zone is proportional to the boundary layer thickness. The zone closest to the wall co...

Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from ERS-1, we render high resolution motion fields of sea ice using a multiresolution processing system. The results are provided at a 400 m resolution, which is an order of magnitude greater than the standard SAR motion products (5–10 km). An error propagation experiment shows a standard deviation of 1.3% day for the noise in invariant shear resulti...

[1] Field observations of mature crustal faults suggest that slip in individual events occurs primarily within a thin shear zone, <1–5 mm, within a finely granulated, ultracataclastic fault core. Relevant weakening processes in large crustal events are therefore suggested to be thermal, and to involve the following: (1) thermal pressurization of pore fluid within and adjacent to the deforming f...

[1] We present first-principles results for elastic moduli (bulk, K, and shear, G) and acoustic velocities (compressional, VP, shear, VS, and bulk VΦ) of olivine (a) and wadsleyite (b) (Fex,Mg1 x)2SiO4, at high pressure (P) and temperature (T) with varying iron content (0≤ x≤ 0.125). Pressure and temperature derivatives of these properties are analyzed. We show that adding 12.5% of Fe in forste...

a plain strain analysis of frictional rolling contact on an elastic graded coating is presented in this paper. finite element method is applied to gain an understanding of the stresses and contact zone properties caused during rolling contact. the effects of friction, material stiffness ratio and coating thickness on stresses in contact zone and coating/substrate interface are studied. shear mo...

This paper presents a methodology to determine simultaneously (a) the flow stress at high deformation rates and temperatures that are encountered in the cutting zone, and (b) the friction at the chip–tool interface. This information is necessary to simulate high-speed machining using FEM based programs. A flow stress model based on process dependent parameters such as strain, strain-rate and te...

A new vibration scheme is shown to provide localized vibration fields for three-dimensional sonoelastography imaging. The theoretical vibration distributions of double strip loads vibrating normally to the surface of a semi-infinite elastic space are calculated. A localization or focusing of shear waves inbetween the double-strip loads is predicted. Experimentally, two parallel rigid rectangula...