Vascular endothelial cells are able to sense changes in the forces acting on them and respond, for instance, by modifying expression of a range of genes. However, there is little information on how such responses are integrated to modify homeostatic functions. We hypothesized that different shear stresses experienced in different regions of the circulation might influence endothelial sensitivit...

The effect of shear flow on the phase behavior, structure formation and morphology of a near-critical composition blend of poly(styreneco-acrylonitrile)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (SAN/PMMA) and an off-critical composition blend of SAN/poly(1-caprolactone) (SAN/PCL) were investigated. Both blends exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. Rheo-SALS (small angle light scatteri...

15 Shear thickening in a fluid occurs when the viscosity of the fluid increases with 16 increasing applied strain rate. When the rise in viscosity occurs by orders of magnitude, the fluid 17 undergoes discontinuous shear thickening, which can be devastating in industrial applications. 18 We present a particle-scale numerical technique that can simulate these phenomena. By coupling 19 the discre...

Neutrophils roll on P-selectin expressed by activated platelets or endothelial cells under the shear stresses in the microcirculation. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a high affinity ligand for P-selectin on myeloid cells. However, it has not been demonstrated that PSGL-1 contributes to the rolling of neutrophils on P-selectin. We developed two IgG mAbs, PL1 and PL2, that appear to...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is related to abnormal mechanical stresses that alter cartilage metabolism and chondrocyte survival. Among the mechanical stresses, shear stress is held responsible for the development of arthritis. METHODS Monolayer cultures of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were subjected to fluid-induced shear stress in vitro. A cDNA microarray technology wa...

Computational experiments based on the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow reveal that the skin friction can be reduced as much as 70% by the action of a localized steady force acting against the flow close to the wall. In addition, the excessive shear stresses observed during the laminar-to-turbulence transition can be substantially reduced. For a sustained reduction in the s...

[1] A significant portion of the ice discharge in ice sheets is drained through ice streams, with subglacial sediment (till) acting as a lubricant. The known importance of horizontal friction in shear margins to ice stream dynamics suggests a critical role of longitudinal stresses. The effects of subglacial till and longitudinal stresses on the stability of an ice sheet flow are studied by line...

The only viable method to join some components is by using adhesives. These components are often subjected to dynamic loading, which may cause initiation and propagation of failure in the joint. In order to ensure the reliability of these structures, their dynamic response and its variation with the presence of defects in the bonded area must be understood. The dynamic response of a single-lap ...

A physical model of gabion overflow dams was studied to determine the velocity profile and Reynolds shear stress. Physical tests were done under two different conditions of dam crest, overflow dams with impermeable and with permeable crests. Instantaneous velocity components over dam crest were measured by an ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter) instrument. This instrument is capable of measuring...

In this article, bending, buckling, and free vibration of viscoelastic sandwich plate with carbon nanotubes reinforced composite facesheets and an isotropic homogeneous core on viscoelastic foundation are presented using a new first order shear deformation theory. According to this theory, the number of unknown’s parameters and governing equations are reduced and also the using of shear correct...