Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is an open-source computational grammar formalism that is becoming increasingly popular for studying the history and evolution of language. This demonstration shows how FCG can be used to operationalise the cultural processes and cognitive mechanisms that underly language evolution and change.

Abstract Concrete is an indisputable material for the construction of various types of structures in the modern advancement of civil infrastructures. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension and shear. To eliminate those problems, the introduction of fiber was brought in as an alternative to developing concrete in view of enhancing its tensile and shears strength as well as improvi...

We present a theory of object-orientation on the basis of the re-nement calculus. This theory allows for specifying the behaviour of objects and provides a calculus for the proof of relationships between classes such as reenement. Given two similar, but not identical classes, we present an algorithm to construct a common superclass which is reened by both classes, and an algorithm to construct ...

This paper describes how object-oriented software construction principles allow to develop extensible and reusable building blocks for the development of data flow based visual languages. First we’ll present the data flow visual language ProtoHyperflow whose object-oriented realization is discussed in the second part of the paper.

the shear strength and shear energy per unit area, as well as the force and energy required for picking flowers, are important parameters in the design and development of harvesting mechanisms. in this study, shear strength and shear energy per unit area of saffron (crocus sativus l.) stems were determined at different bevel angles and shear velocities. the force and energy required for picking...

considering recent developments in earthquake engineering, researchers has detected different effects of earthquakes far and near from the fault. investigations that have been done in this area show that near fault earthquakes have shorter time period comparing far fault earthquakes and in the velocity of near fault earthquakes, there are one or more impacting pulses with a big domain and perio...