Objective(s): Amyloid β plaques, in Alzheimer’s disease, are deposits in different areas of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and the hippocampal formation. Amyloid β aggregates lead to the release of cytochrome c and finally neuronal cell death in brain tissue. hCG has critical roles in brain development, neuron differentiation, and function. Therefore, we...

Background and Objective: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) causes cognitive impairment in rats. The beneficial effect of saffron main component, safranal was investigated on ICV STZ-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, rats were injected with ICV STZ bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). The ST...

Several recent studies suggest an important role for the brain renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and binding of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors, which mediate the central effects of ANG II, are increased in heart failure. The present study examined the relationship between brain ACE activity and the autonomic dysregula...

Dipyrone administered intravenously (iv) or intracerebroventricularly (icv) delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most potent inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of icv baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, on delayed GE induced by dipyrone. Adult male Wistar rats received a...

Background: Intraosseous injection is a way to administration of drugs. Objective: The clinical comparison of intraosseous and intravenous injection of Thiopental-Na. Methods: First all birds (Twenty six healthy pigeons) were split out into two groups randomly. Group A received 20 mg kg-1 Thiopental-Na by intraosseous rou...

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of enteral Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating G-CSF(Factor) on feeding tolerance in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates.Methods: This historical-controlled clinical trial was conducted on VLBW and ELBW neonates admitted to MahdiehHospital, affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University ...