elimination of potyviruses from two commercial iranian garlic populations, hamedan and azar-shahr, through thermotherapy and by meristem tip culture were investigated. the infected bulbs of either one of the populations were initially treated at 30o c for one week and then at 36oc for 5 weeks. the meristems of cloves at two sizes of 0.4-0.6 mm and 0.6-0.8 mm were then cultured on ms medium supp...

different types of soil erosion including gully erosion occur in many parts of iran. the west of iran is further threatened by gully erosion due to its specific physical and climatic conditions. however, few studies have been carried out to study the sediment production of gully erosion in iran. this research was therefore conducted to measure storm-wise sediment production of gully erosion in ...

the aim of this study was to investigate the problems of private sport clubs in shahr-e-kord city. this study used a descriptive method and it was conducted as a survey. the statistical population and sample were all managers and owners of private sport clubs of shahr-e-kord city (n=91). a questionnaire (21 items) which evaluated the problems of these sport clubs from different perspectives was...

simultaneous heat and water model (shaw) is based on the assimilation rate of melting and/or freezing of the accumulated snow as well as melting of ice in soil. the main objective of this study was to evaluate applicability of shaw model in determining maximum depth of frost penetration in soils in some typical climates of iran. to this end, the daily data of air temperature, soil temperatures ...

tombstones have been mirrors of the culture and customs of traditional societies in iran. in pristine areas such as the city of the province of ilam; darreh-shahr, decorative motifs of tombstones are a gateway to the world of religious and cultural thoughts of the people of this land. the city darreh-shahr cemetery tombstones are similar to other iran regions and abdanan tombstones in ilam, ado...

Depth of frost penetration is one of the main indices in agriculture, civil and transportation engineering. Soil temperature is a function of several factors including: topography, solar radiation, air temperature, moisture content and other physical properties of soil such as thermal capacity, coefficient of heat conductivity, and specific heat. The main objective of the present paper is to de...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crops in Iran. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, is the most important soil-borne disease of chickpea in the world. This disease caused high losses in different regions during recent years. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) were used to estimate genetic diversity in 114 of F. oxysporum isolates from six counties...

a.sacharovi, which is one of the main malaria vectors of the palearchic region, is resistant to ddt in greece (1949), lebanon (1954), turkey (1959), syria and the u.s.s.r. (1972).the first record of a. sacharovi resistance to ddt in iran was given in 1959 from the kazeroon area, followed by izeh (1969) and meshkin-shahr (1970).this study (1973) urgently advises speedy measures to eliminate the ...

Today more than ever, archeological research is interdisciplinary: environmental sciences, pollen analysis, botany, soil science, and hydrology. In fact, the impacts of human behaviors on environment and environment on human behaviors can be studied through use of remote sensing technology. The use of this important technique gives archaeologists the opportunity to understand these impacts, whi...