Background Large-scale outcome trials of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type diabetes have identified consistent effects on major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and progression kidney disease. However, the magnitude all-cause death appeared to vary between some studies. Methods We explored impact differences trial methodologies, participant ch...

Background and Purpose Inhibition of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) induces hypoglycaemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion use fat. However, underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study was aimed to determine effects canagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, on diet-induced obesity mechanism(s). Experimental Approach Adult C57BL/6J male mice were fed with standard ...

AIM To evaluate the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition on renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted systematic searches of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to June 2016 and included randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in adult type 2 diabetic patients reporting estimated glo...

Aim: Diabetes treatment and follow-up is more difficult sensitive in the elderly. Sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are newly developed antidiabetic agents. In geriatric age group, use of SGLT2 may be riskier terms side effects. We planned to evaluate effect tolerability using patients. Material Methods: Patients over 65 years with a diagnosis DM who were started on empagl...

Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are a novel class of antidiabetes drugs, and members of this class are under various stages of clinical development for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is widely accepted that SGLT2 is responsible for >80% of the reabsorption of the renal filtered glucose load. However, maximal doses of SGLT2 inhibitors fail to inhibit >...

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Safety Communication that warns of an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with uncharacteristically mild to moderate glucose elevations (euglycemic DKA [euDKA]) associated with the use of all the approved sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (1). This Communication was based on 20 clinical cases requiring...

There is a recognized need for new treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recovery of glucose from the glomerular filtrate represents an important mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and represents a novel target for the management of T2DM. Recovery of glucose from the glomerular filtrate is executed principally by the type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2). Inhibi...

Gagal jantung masih menjadi salah satu penyakit dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Keterlibatan komorbiditas dan variasi etiologi dari ini merupakan tantangan bagi klinisi untuk melakukan pendekatan diagnosis serta penatalaksanaan pada gagal jantung. Klasifikasi itu sendiri terbagi tiga yaitu, Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), Mildly Reduced (HFmrEF) (HF...