Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) reflects sex-specific solutions to the allocation of energy among growth, reproduction and survival; however, the proximate mechanisms behind these solutions are still poorly known even in vertebrates. In squamates, sexual differences in body size used to be attributed to direct energy allocation to energetically demanding processes, largely to reproduction. In addi...

Androgen hormones serve a variety of roles, including determining and maintaining sexual traits. The effects Anabolic Steroids (AAS) like oxandrolone on body composition muscle mass development are intriguing. We provide case 38-year-old woman who was treated with for multiple fractures current right ischiotibial injury, indicating that androgen steroid medication may aid in the recovery bone t...

TO THE EDITOR: Recently, Massaro and Massaro (4) demonstrated a sexual dimorphism of alveolar size in male and female adult rats and mice and that estrogen receptor (ER)and ERare required for this sexual dimorphism. Our group recently showed that a similar phenomenon of sexual dimorphism presents in airway responsiveness to sex hormones in rabbits. We studied the direct effect of sex hormones (...

The hydrogen-bonded complexes of 17a-ethinyl-estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone with adenineand uracil-derivatives have been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using deutero-chloroform as a solvent. The thermodynamic and NMR-parameters (equilibrium constant K, enthalpy AH, entropy AS, and relative chemical shift of the com­ plexes A8C) for selfassociat...

Heat stress is one of the most important environmental pressures especially in tropics which reduce sexual performance by affecting whole vital system. Garlic () as an effective pharmaceutical plant has been proposed for increasing resistance against stress. Current research was carried out to study the effects of garlic hydroalcoholic extract on reproductive hormones in female mice under heat ...

Gonadal hormones are important mediators of sexual and aggressive behavior in vertebrates. Recent evidence suggests that the peptide hormones arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian homologue arginine vasopressin (AVP) often critically mediate these gonadal hormone effects on behavior and have direct influences on behavioral variation. Behavioral differences between sexes, across reproductiv...

The steroid 5alpha-reductase (SRD5A) family of enzymes produces steroid hormones that regulate male sexual development. Now, Cantagrel et al. (2010) identify a member of this family, SRD5A3, as a polyprenol reductase with a crucial role in N-linked protein glycosylation and pinpoint SRD5A3 mutations as the cause of a rare Mendelian disease.

Epidemiological studies document that males are more prone than females to develop severe sepsis and this is confirmed by Sakr and colleagues in the previous issue of Critical Care. However, the impact of gender on prognosis of severe sepsis is a matter of debate. Sakr and colleagues report a higher mortality in septic females than in males. This puzzling result might be explained by confoundin...

A person's sex can be considered across various levels. To illustrate, genes, hormones, and genitalia can all be considered physical markers of a person's sex. In addition to physical markers, behaviors such as gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation can be perceived as stereotypically male or female. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of sexual differentia...

Water molds of the genus Phytophthora include many plant pathogens responsible for epidemics such as potato blight and sudden oak death, causing global economic damages. Sexual reproduction is of biological importance in Phytophthora and has been believed to be stimulated by unknown endogenous factors named a hormones. We describe here the chemical characterization of a Phytophthora mating horm...