Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

BACKGROUND Abnormal serum sodium concentrations are common in patients presenting for surgery. It remains unclear whether these abnormalities are independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the European Surgical Outcome Study (EuSOS) that provided data describing 46 539 patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery. Patients were included ...

Iron from injured muscles can produce acute renal failure. Cytochrome P 450 is one enzyme that involved in iron-related acute renal failure. Inhibition this enzyme may decrease rhabdomyolysisinduced myoglobinuric nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was comparison effect of cimetidine, estradiol and vitamin E on myoglobinuric renal toxicity in rats. This study was conducted in 6 groups. Normal...

Objective Hyponatremia is frequently observed in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and it is also related to a poor prognosis. The vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan is used to treat cirrhotic patients with ascites and increases the serum sodium (Na) level. In this study, we investigated (i) whether or not correction of the Na level improves the prognosis of cirrhotic patien...

Objective We aim to report and evaluate the associations between serum sodium and chloride and dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. One hundred and two patients with Parkinson's disease were enrolled in this study. Methods Patients' serum electrolytes including sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride were measured. Other demographic information was collected, and Unifi...

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), which was originally considered to be the result of rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia, is not necessarily accompanied by hyponatremia or drastic changes in serum sodium level. Here, we report a case of an anorexic 55-year-old male with a history of pharyngo-laryngo-esophagogastrectomy, initially hospitalized with status epilepticus. Although his consci...

The recent report, “Serum prolactin level in psoriasis”, is very interesting 1. Ghiasi et al. concluded that “it seems that while intracutaneous prolactin may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the probable role of pituitary-produced circulating prolactin in the disease process needs further investigation .” There are some concerns on this report. First, although Ghiasi et al. have st...