Toxocara is a roundworm, a common parasite of dogs (T. canis) and cats (T. cati). Toxocariasis or Visceral larva migrans (VLM) are diseases caused by the larvae of Toxocara sp., which may involve many organs, but pulmonary symptoms such as coughing and wheezing and allergic symptoms are seen in more than 80% of patients. It is known that, although the risk of infection is present, the worldwide...

Seven isolates of an unclassified bacterium resembling Flavobacterium spp. were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, protein profile analysis, and serologic data. The unclassified isolates were differentiated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium balustinum, Flavobac...

Over the past several decades, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have remained first-line antiviral agents in international guidelines. These two shown similar short to intermediateterm efficacy, including virologic, biochemical, serologic, histologic responses. However, huge controversies regarding efficacy of ETV TDF preventing development hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ...

Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis with a worldwide distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. Limitations in both culture and serologic testing have led to substantial research into new diagnostic techniques and their clinical application, with PCR testing as the best example. This review focuses on the utility of culture, PCR and serologic testing for tularemia....

remains to be clarifi ed. However, our previous hypothesis that prenatal or perinatal transient infection was an unlikely mode of virus acquisition needs to be modifi ed because PARV4 infection in newborns has recently been demonstrated (10). Although we lacked IgM and IgG serologic data to interpret our fi ndings, our study suggests that PARV4 genotype 3 infection might be characterized by vir...

The epidemiology and pathogenesis of CMV infections among pregnant women have been intensely studied over the last three decades. This paper highlights recent developments that make either universal or limited serologic screening for CMV during pregnancy potentially attractive. The developments include an understanding of the pathogenesis of CMV infections, a knowledge of high-risk women, the a...