Modern technology is believed to be the panacea for all issues; nevertheless, it has both merits and demerits. Many aspects of technology of today have not been time-tested nor known for their adverse effects on the natural environment. On contrary, local knowledge had been timetested and eco-friendly, though it is slow to exert in terms of mass industrial outcome. With the growing concern for ...

This paper describes the Sormina, a new virtual and tangible instrument, which has its origins in both virtual technology and the heritage of traditional instrument design. The motivation behind the project is presented, as well as hardware and software design. Insights gained through collaboration with acoustic musicians are presented, as well as comparison to historical instrument design.

Many agent-based systems rely for their effectiveness on the intelligence of individual agents, and interaction among agents is required simply to coordinate these individually complex decisions. Specification and design methods for such systems focus on the internal architecture of individual agents. An alternative approach, “Synthetic Ecosystems,” uses relatively simple agents and draws heavi...

Many marine populations and ecosystems have experienced strong historical depletions, yet reports of recoveries are increasing. Here, we review the growing research on marine recoveries to reveal how common recovery is, its magnitude, timescale and major drivers. Overall, 10-50% of depleted populations and ecosystems show some recovery, but rarely to former levels of abundance. In addition, rec...

old province sogdiana, comprising two major city states- samarkand and bukhara which had  ancient civilization and brilliant cultural heritage, was the most important province  of transoxian. achaemenids, seleucids, kushaniyan, hayateleh, turks and sasanians rule in this region at a time. at the interval between fall of the sassanid (652 a.d) and conquest of transoxiana by muslim (second half o...

Fire has been described as both a major ecological force necessary for long-term functioning of Sierra Nevada ecosystems and as one of the greatest threats to human and natural resources (SNEP 1996a). Fire has shaped the terrestrial ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada for millennia. Before the mid-1800s, fires generally were frequent and mostly of low to moderate intensity, from lower-elevation blu...