In complex stimuli, there are many different possible ways to refer to a specified target. Previous studies have shown that when people are faced with such a task, the content of their referring expression reflects visual properties such as size, salience, and clutter. Here, we extend these findings and present evidence that (i) the influence of visual perception on sentence construction goes b...

Entity linking is a important for connecting text data and knowledge bases. This poster presents a word, mention and entity joint embedding method, which can be used in computing semantic relatedness in entity linking approaches.

A new theorem for black holes is found. It is called the horizon mass theorem. The horizon mass is the mass which cannot escape from the horizon of a black hole. For all black holes: neutral, charged or rotating, the horizon mass is always twice the irreducible mass observed at infinity. Previous theorems on black holes are: 1. the singularity theorem, 2. the area theorem, 3. the uniqueness the...

SUMMARY Identifying mentions of named entities, such as genes or diseases, and normalizing them to database identifiers have become an important step in many text and data mining pipelines. Despite this need, very few entity normalization systems are publicly available as source code or web services for biomedical text mining. Here we present the Gnat Java library for text retrieval, named enti...

This paper describes our system developed for the BioCreative II gene mention tagging task. The goal of this task is to annotate mentions of genes or gene products in the given Medline sentences. Our focus was to experiment with a semi-supervised learning method, Alternating Structure Optimization (ASO) [1], by which we exploited a large amount of unlabeled data in addition to the labeled train...

“Tell me who your friends are, and I will tell you who you are” – this proverb best illustrates our approach to the normalization of gene names. In this approach, we rely on background knowledge that describes various aspects of a gene: it is localized on a chromosomal band, it belongs to an operon structure, it is a member of a gene family, its products take part in biological processes, they ...

(4) (The committee should have multiple members but only one chair.) a. John knows which professors can form the committee. (okMS, okMA) √ For some group of professors X s.t. X together can form the committee, J knows that X together can form the committee. √ For every group of professors X, if X together can form the committee, J knows that X together can form the committee. b. John knows whic...

In this paper, we propose a new model that is capable of recognizing overlapping mentions. We introduce a novel notion of mention separators that can be effectively used to capture how mentions overlap with one another. On top of a novel multigraph representation that we introduce, we show that efficient and exact inference can still be performed. We present some theoretical analysis on the dif...

In this paper we contend that the ability to engage in meta-dialog is necessary for free and flexible conversation. Central to the possibility of meta-dialog is the ability to recognize and negotiate the distinction between the use and mention of a word. The paper surveys existing theoretical approaches to the use-mention distinction, and briefly describes some of our ongoing efforts to impleme...