We study the intertemporal properties of conservatism with a focus on managerial incentives. In our main model, conservatism results in smaller expected payouts to the manager (agent) in early periods and larger expected payouts in later periods. Conservatism shifts (ambiguous) evidence that might be used to recognize good performance in early periods to later periods. In later periods, good pe...

This open‐access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ‐ NonCommercial ‐ No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article w...

This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article witho...

Most of us tend to think of the fourth century BC as the time when a reasonably standardized vocabulary for rhetoric developed, and along with it an increasingly selfconscious and systematized notion of the TE/XNH of persuasion. There is certainly some truth in this; but it is also very likely that, if we simply had more evidence from the fifth century, particularly about the sophists, we would...

aims: diabetes as the most common diseases caused by metabolic disorders is an important global challenge. this is a disease that requires lifelong self-care; because the self-care and improvement of the life quality is cost effective .the aim of this study is to determine the effects of the self-efficacy education program on reducing blood sugar levels among the type 2 diabetic patients. it wa...

Development the world over is a partially successful and partially failed experiment. Urgent questions about its means reverberate more and more often with broad doubts about its goals. Its deep flaw is its dirigisme: the assumption, common to nearly all development theory, that there is an expert agent—the State for the dogmatist and orthodox left, the International Monetary Fund or other guar...

This paper focuses on self-confidence in psychology in both conceptual and empirical ways and investigates the status of self-confidence in Islamic ethics. Five relevant approaches to self-confidence are identified and then comparatively studied in psychology and Islamic ethics. In addition, an attempt is made to present an appropriate framework to build, boost, and improve self-confidence thro...