OBJECTIVE This paper describes natural-language-processing techniques for two tasks: identification of medical concepts in clinical text, and classification of assertions, which indicate the existence, absence, or uncertainty of a medical problem. Because so many resources are available for processing clinical texts, there is interest in developing a framework in which features derived from the...

Warren Maguire. 2017. ‘The emergence of Scots: Clues from Germanic *a reflexes’. In Cruickshank, Janet and Robert McColl Millar (eds.) 2017. Before the Storm: Papers from the Forum for Research on the Languages of Scotland and Ulster triennial meeting, Ayr 2015. Aberdeen: Forum for Research on the Languages of Scotland and Ireland, 1-32. ISBN: 9780-9566549-4-6. The emergence of Scots: Clues fro...

The effect of blue light (400–500 nm) removal on the elongation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris L.) seedlings was investigated in a field experiment in Northern Finland during two growing seasons. The seedlings were grown in plexiglass chambers and ambient control plots. The blue wavelengths were removed from the light spectrum by using chambers made of orange plexiglass. The results of nearly d...

finally abandoned in favour of Lowland Scots in the course of the 18th century. Even though Norn is now an extinct language, it still lives on in the many Norn words and idioms which are one of the most wellknown features of the local dialects. Most islanders are conscious of these Norn remnants in dialect vocabulary, which have also been documented in the dictionaries of Jakob Jakobsen, Hugh M...

According to the culture of honor hypothesis, the high prevalence of homicides in the South of the United States originates from the settlement by herders from the fringes of Britain in the 18th century. This paper confirms that historical Scot or Scots-Irish presence is associated with higher contemporary homicide, particularly by white offenders, and that the culture of honor was transmitted ...

other persons who are mentioned because at some time something has been named after them. Historians may hope that future editions will not prune too much on the ground of obsolescence. Manifestly there is no outright "best buy": Firkin & Whitworth contain material not to be found elsewhere, and similarly much that they do not cover is available elsewhere. All depends on what you seek. They can...

Quantifying long-term historical climate is fundamental to understanding recent climate change. Most instrumentally recorded climate data are only available for the past 200 years, so proxy observations from natural archives are often considered. We describe a model-based approach to reconstructing climate defined in terms of raw tree-ring measurement data that simultaneously accounts for noncl...

Historical and current lesion development and sporulation of Cronartium flaccidum was investigated in a stand of artificially seeded pole-stage Pinus sylvestris in northern Finland. An average of 6.5 lesions developed per infected tree, most of them occurring on a minority (25 %) of the trees. During the monitoring period of five years, fresh aecia appeared mainly in 7–10-year-old shoots, the a...

The Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland has, as part of its remit, a responsibility to develop good practice guidelines in respect of medical treatment in the setting of mental disorders. (These include people with dementia, intellectual disability, severe and enduring mental illness or brain injury which has led to a loss or impairment of capacity.) The process undertaken to develop such a ...