Myelinated axons are divided into four distinct regions: the node of Ranvier, paranode, juxtaparanode, and internode, each of which is characterized by a specific set of axonal proteins. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are clustered at high densities at the nodes, whereas shaker-type K+ channels are concentrated at juxtaparanodal regions. These channels are separated by the paranodal regions, where ...

Effects of various culture media and growth regulators on micropropagation of cherry rootstock, M × M60 were investigated in the present study. Stem cuttings of the current season growth were taken from mature stockplants and cultured on the establishment medium after disinfection. After four weeks, elongated shoots were cut and subcultured on the proliferation media including MS, DKW, QL and M...

Breeding to raise yield potential through enhancing photosynthesis will have limited impact unless harvest index (HI: proportion of above-ground biomass as grain yield) is maintained or ideally increased. Boosting dry matter (DM) partitioning require increased allocation assimilates sink organs enhance spike growth. A high spring wheat panel 150 genotypes encompassing elite, landrace-derived an...

The genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) exhibits tremendous variation in growth form. We apply a broadly defined concept of Bauplan in our study of growth form, architectural and anatomical features of early seedling development in the type subgenus. We analyze variation in these features within a phylogenetic framework based on sequence comparisons of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of n...

Hierarchical RAID (HRAID) extends the RAID paradigm to mask the failure of whole Storage Nodes (SNs) or bricks, where each SN is a disk array with a certain RAID level. HRAIDk/l with N SNs and M disks per SN tolerates k SN failures and l disk failures per SN withMaximum Distance Separable (MDS) erasure codes, which introduce the minimum level of redundancy at each level. For N = M there are k i...

One of the unifying theories of plant biology is that the variety of plant forms are simply different modifications of a common growth plan. Different permutations of a few key features of plant growth can generate a bewildering array of seemingly distinct forms. There is perhaps no better illustration of this than the comparison of a flower and a shoot. The idea that these two apparently diffe...

Despite the economic significance of periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] existence genetic variation in traits have been largely unexplored and very little attempt has done to improve its genetics for ornamental prospective. An experiment was conducted at research farm Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2019 2021 using 6 inbred lines develop 30 F1 populations full-diallel...