OBJECTIVE To compare alternative models for the imputation of BMIM (measured weight in kilograms/measured height in meters squared) in a longitudinal study. METHODS We used data from 11,008 adults examined at wave III (2001-2002) and wave IV (2007-2008) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants were asked their height and weight before being measured. Equa...

In an environmentally friendly protocol, InI was used as a reducing agent for the Se-Se bond to prepare unsymmetrical diorganyl selenides with very short reaction times, mild conditions and excellent yields using (bmim)BF(4) as a recyclable solvent.

In recent years, ionic liquids have become increasingly attractive as 'green solvents' used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural plant. However, the separation of ionic liquid from the target compounds was difficult, due to their low vapour pressure and high stabilities. In our study, ionic liquid-based ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude t...

The solubility of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in ionic liquids (ILs) and the activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ13(∞)) of more than 20 solutes (alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols) were measured in four chosen ionic liquids, their mixtures with β-CD, and in the β-CD at high temperatures from 338 to 398 K using the inverse gas chromatography. The intermolecular interactions, inclusion c...

In order to improve the resolution and peak shape, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( [ BMIM] BF4 ) was used as mobile phase additive to develop an HPLC method for the determination of four main alkaloids in Compound Kushen Injection. An Agilent TC-C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (containing 2. 2 x 10(4) mol/L [BMIM] BF4 ) (5: 95,...

The possible application of imidazolium ionic liquids as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuel has been investigated. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of n-methylimidazolium and 1-chlorobutane. Molecular structures of the ILs were confirmed by FTIR, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR. The therma...

The hallmark of ionic liquids lies in their negligible vapor pressure. This ultralow vapor pressure makes it difficult to conduct the direct spectroscopic measurement of ionic-liquid vapors. In fact, there have been no electronic spectroscopic data currently available for ionic-liquid vapors. This deficiency significantly hampers the fundamental understanding of the unique molecular structures ...

The orientation of the cation and the anion of room-temperature ionic liquids using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy is reported. The ionic liquids are based on butyl-methyl imidazolium [BMIM]+ and hexyl-tributyl ammonium [N6444]+ together with dicyanamide [DCA]- as the anion. The tilt angle of the C3 axis of the methyl group from the alkyl chain in the cations was found to var...

The title porphyrin was dissolved in the hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim][BF(4)], and triggered to assemble into J-aggregates by the addition of incremental volumes of water containing various amounts of acid (0.1, 0.2, or 1.0 M HCl). In contrast to recent studies, the current investigation is unique in that it centers on media that contain a predom...

Organic compounds (2-naphthol, phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) were sufficiently separated from mixtures during flow in a fused silica capillary tube (50 microm in i.d. and 45 cm in length) with an aqueous mixed solvent of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM(+)Cl(-)), without a specific separation column. The method is based ...