Some mammals breed throughout the year, while others breed only at certain times of year. These differences in reproductive behavior can be explained by evolution. We identified positively-selected genes in two sets of species with different degrees of relatedness including seasonal and non-seasonal breeding species, using branch-site models. After stringent filtering by sum of pairs scoring, w...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine resulted in an apparent higher risk of infection with pandemic influenza H1N1 2009. A simple mathematical model incorporating strain competition and a hypothesised temporary strain-transcending immunity is constructed to investigate this observation. The model assumes that seasonal vaccine has no effect on...

Periodic time series analysis refers to the modelling approach where important time series properties depend on the period of the year. The standard approach to time series modelling is to treat a time series as a stochastic process with seasonal fluctuations. In a periodic analysis seasonal variations are modelled using separate yearly time series for each season, which do not possess seasonal...

Public health surveillance systems are important for tracking disease dynamics. In recent years, social and real-time digital data sources have provided new means of studying disease transmission. Such affordable and accessible data have the potential to offer new insights into disease epidemiology at national and international scales. We used the extensive information repository Google Trends ...

BACKGROUND The relationship between seasonal influenza vaccine and susceptibility to 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 virus infection is not fully understood. METHODS One child 6-15 years of age from each of 119 households was randomized to receive 1 dose of inactivated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) or saline placebo in November 2008. Serum samples were collected from study subjects and thei...

Recent advances in research on seasonal infertility are discussed with a special focus on implications of the generally recommended restricted post-mating feeding strategy of the early pregnant gilt and sow for the physiology of seasonal infertility. The endocrinological basis of seasonal breeding of the wild and domestic pig is being clarified: as in other seasonal breeders, melatonin is relay...

â â â  in this study, ability and skill of the nesting version of the regcm3 regional climate model in simulation of monthly and seasonal amount of precipitation and temperature using four different cumulus parameterization of grell-as, grell-fc, emanuel and kuo have been studied over khorasan area including three provinces of north khorasan, khorasan razavi and south khorasan. in this regards,...

there is a need to analyze and map rainfall erosivity to assess soil erosion at the regional scale. the objectives of this study were to develop a regional model to estimate seasonal erosivity from seasonal rainfall data and to study temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity for the gorganrood drainage basin in the northeast of iran. six gauging stations with a high temporal reso...

evapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle which is directly influenced by atmospheric conditions. this study investigated annual and seasonal trends in reference evapotranspiration (et0) and its key influencing climatic variables during 1966-2005 at 10 stations in southern iran (with centrality of fars province). first, multivariate regression analysis...

the purpose of this study was to determine the seasonal changes of vital signs (body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure) in relation to the working thermal conditions. in this study a total number of 202 permanent workers of bakeries were studied during summer and winter. the results showed the body temperature and pulse rate raised more in summer than in winter in all workers except wh...