We describe a provenance model tailored to scientific workflows based on the CollectionOriented Modeling and Design paradigm. Our implementation within the Kepler scientific workflow system captures the dependencies of data and collection creation events on preexisting data and collections, and embeds these provenance records within the data stream. A provenance query engine operates on self-co...

With worldwide R&D investment topping $1.5 trillion annually [1] and constantly increasing technical capabilities, computing power, and means of scientific interactions, global research output is growing rapidly (in fact, exponentially [2]) in numbers and scope. Just over the last 15 years, the number of scientific articles published annually in physics journals [3] rose from approximately 78,0...

The Hirsch-index is a well-known index for measuring and comparing the output of scientific researchers. The main contribution of this article is an axiomatic characterization of the Hirsch-index in terms of three natural axioms. Furthermore, two other scientific impact indices (called the w-index and the maximum-index) are defined and characterized in terms of similar axioms. © 2008 Elsevier B...

The action required to stem the environmental and social implications of climate change depends crucially on how humankind shapes technology, economy, lifestyle and policy. With transport CO2 emissions accounting for about a quarter of the total, we examine the contribution of CO2 output by scientific travel. Thankfully for the reputation of the scientific community, CO2 emissions associated wi...

Using data on all scientific publications from the Scopus database, we find a superlinear scaling effect for U.S. metropolitan areas as indicated by the increase of per capita publication output with city size. We also find that the variance of residuals is much higher for mid-sized cities (100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants) compared to larger cities. The latter result is indicative of the critica...

Transformational government as a newborn scientific field seeks for implementation through integration of its components. As a contribution to this end this work impresses a Public Administration’s operation ontology modeling and an algorithm for tracing malfunctions and changing the case. PA is considered as a production unit and any administrative act as the output of its processes. This outp...

Original scientific paper In principle, an exhaust system influences the maximum output and characteristic of a two-stroke combustion engine. The first part of the contribution deals with the possibility of transformation in a maximum output and a range of exploitable speed values by means of the change of exhaust manifold length in exhaust pipe section. This knowledge covers an output curve va...

Data Envelopment analysis is a nonparametric method used to evaluate the performance of profit and non-profit organizations. It assumes that the input and output variables are known a priori. In each environment, there exists a huge number of input and output variables, and all the variables will serve as either input or output variable. If there exist a large number of input and output variabl...

We introduce and provide results from a rigorous, scientific testing methodology that allows pure building model calibration systems to be compared fairly to traditional output error (e.g. how well does simulation output match utility bills?) as well as input-side error (e.g. how well, variable-by-variable, did the calibration capture the true building's description?). This system is then used ...