We propose a formal framework for intelligent systems which can reason about scientific do­ mains, in particular about the carcinogenicity of chemicals, and we study its properties. Our framework is grounded in a philosophy of sci­ entific enquiry and discourse, and uses a model of dialectical argumentation. The formalism en­ ables representation of scientific uncertainty and conflict in a mann...

We present here two natural language processing systems for highlighting passages in scientific texts in order to help researchers to rapidly access relevant knowledge. The first system detects sentences containing expressions fulfilling discourse functions in scientific argumentation like background knowledge, summary sentence, contrast with past findings, etc. The second system detects senten...

The paper discusses the use of term 'advocacy science' which is communication of science which goes beyond simple reporting of scientific findings, using the case study of biotechnology. It argues that advocacy science should be used to distinguish the engagement of modern civil society organizations to interpret scientific knowledge for their lobbying. It illustrates how this new communicative...

Four basic problems that a theory of science has to deal with concern epistemology, structure, causality, and dynamics of science. These problems deal with the relationship of induction/deduction, actors/structures, internal/external factors, and continuity/discontinuity. Traditionally they have been solved one-sidedly. Considering science as a self-organizing system allows a more integrative a...

the present study is an attempt to offer a study of the researchers' views regarding the interaction between literature and human discoursal interactions through a comparative, descriptive, and analytical approach. five variables of discourse experimentation, research and educational consequences, anthropology, pragmatics, and intertextuality are investigated. the results of the study reve...

Discourse models have received significant attention in the computational linguistics community with some important connections to the non-computational discourse community. More recently, the importance of discourse annotation has increased as models generated with supervised machine learning techniques are being used to annotate text automatically. A primary area for annotation is science. Th...

Inspired by a famous 18thcentury painting by Joseph Wright, the author discerns similarities between issues relevant then and the public’s current reception of scientific ideas from modern biology in the wake of the Human Genome Project. She proposes educational and scientific initiatives and advocates more positive and balanced portrayals of scientific themes in the arts to help engage the pub...

Scientific discourse leaves implicit a vast amount of knowledge, assumes that this background knowledge is taken into account – even taken for granted – and treated as undisputed. In particular, the terminology in the empirical sciences is treated as antecedently understood. The background knowledge surrounding a theory is usually assumed to be true or approximately true. This is in sharp contr...

We present our solution to the 2014 Biomedical Summerization Track. We propose a technique to determine the discourse role of a sentence. We differentiate words linked to the topic of the paper from the ones that link to the facet of the scientific discourse. Using that information, simple histograms are built over training data to infer a facet for each sentence of the paper (result, method, i...

In this paper, we analyze and discuss approaches to argumentation mining from the discourse structure perspective. We chose persuasive essays and scientific articles as our example domains. By analyzing several example arguments and providing an overview of previous work on argumentation mining, we derive important tasks that are currently not addressed by existing argumentation mining systems,...