Four basic problems that a theory of science has to deal with concern epistemology, structure, causality, and dynamics of science. These problems deal with the relationship of induction/deduction, actors/structures, internal/external factors, and continuity/discontinuity. Traditionally they have been solved one-sidedly. Considering science as a self-organizing system allows a more integrative a...

Political print advertisements as an integral part of political propaganda contribute to creating a positive image politician or party aiming win popular votes. The effective combination verbal and non-verbal (pictorial) components presupposes purposeful influence on the electorate by means activating existing socio-cultural schemas among voters. This study aims analyze generic structural poten...

This study aimed to explore the function and frequency of textual metadiscourse markers (MDMs) in scientific English and Persian texts. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of textual markers characterizing the selected genre, four different textbooks, two written in English and two in Persian were analyzed to identify the textual metadiscourse categories (including logical marker...