The paper suggests that the evolution of modern technologies in manufacturing, from economiesof-scale to economies-of-scope, plays a key role in the increasing outsourcing activities. It is shown that the divergence in the degrees of economies-of-scope and the attribute space of the products between different stages of production is the fundamental economic force behind the recent trend of outs...

OBJECTIVE Policy-makers have long argued about the potential efficiency gains and cost savings from integrating HIV and sexual reproductive health (SRH) services, particularly in resource-constrained settings with generalised HIV epidemics. However, until now, little empirical evidence exists on whether the hypothesised efficiency gains associated with such integration can be achieved in practi...

In this paper we address the question of the impact of permitting free migration in an enlarged trading bloc. We estimate two sectoral equations for trade flows and real wages of three regional blocs of the enlarged EU that we defined as North (wealthiest EU), South (Greece, Portugal and Spain) and East (acceding Central and Eastern European countries). We then use the estimated coefficients to...

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Household scale economies are plausibly attributed to shared household public goods that make larger households better off at the same level of per capita resources. Larger households should therefore have higher per capita consumption of private goods, such as food, provided that they do not substitute too much toward the effectively cheaper public goods. The evidence shows exactly the opposit...

Lewis Guodo Liu is an Associate Professor in the Newman Library at the Baruch College of the City University of New York; e-mail: [email protected]. The author would like to thank Dr. Richard E. Quandt, an emeritus professor of economics at Princeton University, and Dr. Robert M. Hayes, an emeritus professor of library and information science at UCLA, for their valuable comments and con...

The goal of SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area) is to facilitate the emergence of a competitive, intra-European market by making cross-border payments as easy as domestic transactions. With crossborder inter-operability for electronic payments, card transactions will increasingly replace cash and checks for all types of payments. Using different methods, we estimate card and other payment network ...