In previous papers it has been shown that octocalcium phospate OCP occurs in bone mineral of vertebrates. Although this compound is not stable, there is a continuous new-formation of OCP due to bone turnover. Literature data of the calcium and phosphate concentrations in the blood plasma of vertebrates were collected and the degree of saturation with OCP was calculated. The results show that bl...

Drosophila phototransduction is mediated via a G-protein-coupled PLC cascade. Recent evidence, including the demonstration that light evokes rapid contractions of the photoreceptors, suggested that the light-sensitive channels (TRP and TRPL) may be mechanically gated, together with protons released by PLC-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis. If mechanical gating is involved we predicted that the response ...

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on the degree of breathlessness among patients with COPD in West Java, Indonesia.  Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design, a pre and post-test without control design. A total of 33 patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) were joined in this study selected usi...

BACKGROUND There is a marked difference in the degree of expression of the homozygous C282Y HFE genotype that is associated with hereditary hemochromatosis. It has been reported that individuals with the haptoglobin 2-2 type manifest increased iron concentrations, including serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin. METHODS We studied 232 patients, 115 homozygous for the c.845G-->A (C2...

This paper addresses a semi-active suspension control of the full vehicle equipped with 4 controlled semi-active dampers by using a full 7 degree of freedom (DOF) vertical model. First, the dissipativity conditions of the semi-active dampers are recast as saturation conditions on the control inputs. Then, the suspension controller is derived by solving a state feedback control design problem fo...

Active steering systems can help the driver to master critical driving situations, for example aquaplaning and -split braking. In these situations it is likely that the tires reach their performance limits, where nonlinear effects like saturation play an important role. Tires are the part in vehicle dynamics afflicted with the highest degree of nonlinearity – due to saturation – and uncertainty...

A Robust Anti-Windup Control (RAWC) method is proposed for n-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) electrically driven robots considering the actuator voltage saturation. The actuator’s saturation is fairly modeled by a smooth nonlinear function and the control design task is developed to avoid windup besides being robust against both model uncertainties and external disturbances. As a major point, the paper...

This paper extends the modified Cam-Clay model to describe behaviour of unsaturated soils by replacing effective stress with scaled stress. The accounts for mechanical effect capillarity factoring Bishop’s a power function degree saturation. extendedmodified postulates existence yield curve in mean

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with cardiovascular complications, and atherosclerosis is considered to mediate this association. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are widely accepted as early markers of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sleep apnea on arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfu...

Devices that simultaneously facilitate controlling suction and applying a net stress on soil specimen provide soil–water characteristic curves (SWCCs) in terms of both the water content degree saturation, volumetric deformations at various applied suctions. Such tests determine specimens based measured volume changes However, studies have shown disagreements between volume–based calculated actu...