A theory of exceptional extreme events, characterized by their abnormal sizes compared with the rest of the distribution, is presented. Such outliers, called “dragonkings”, have been reported in the distribution of financial drawdowns, city-size distributions (e.g., Paris in France and London in the UK), in material failure, epileptic seizure intensities, and other systems. Within our theory, t...

Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. Department of Twi...

1Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea 2Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Center, University of Münster, D-48...

1 Under-representation of developing countries in the research literature: ethical issues arising from a survey of five leading medical journals Authors Athula Sumathipala 1, 4, Sisira Siribaddana 2,4 and Vikram Patel 3. 1. Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London SE5 8AF. 2 Sri Jayewardenepura Postgraduate Teaching Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri ...