b a ckground: cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major is a serious and increasing problem affecting manyrural areas of 17 out of 31 provinces in iran. little is known about sand fly fauna and leishmaniases in eastern iran and no study has been carried out in sarbisheh county. the aim of this study was to determine sand flies composi- tion and probable leishmania infection to find the pr...

[1] Volcanic mound fields identified on SeaMARC II and HMR1 12 kHz side-scan data from the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) occur near overlapping spreading centers (OSCs) and migration traces of OSCs. The volcanic mound fields appear as a distinctive hummocky seafloor fabric due to side-scan backscatter reflections from clusters of moundshaped reflectors. The lack of growth of the mound field...

19 The Fishguard Volcanic Group represents an excellently preserved example of a volcanic 20 sequence linked to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean. This study re-examines the petrogenesis 21 and proposed tectonic setting for the Llanvirn (467-458 Ma) Fishguard Volcanic Group, 22 South Wales, UK. New major and trace element geochemical data and petrographic 23 observations are used to re-evaluate ...

Volcanic eruptions caused major weather and climatic changes on timescales ranging from hours to centuries in the past. Volcanic particles are injected in the atmosphere both as primary particles rapidly deposited due to their large sizes on time scales of minutes to a few weeks in the troposphere, and secondary particles mainly derived from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. These particles are ...

Glaciers and ice sheets on many active volcanoes are rapidly receding. There is compelling evidence that melting of ice during the last deglaciation triggered a dramatic acceleration in volcanic activity. Will melting of ice this century, which is associated with climate change, similarly affect volcanic activity and associated hazards? This paper provides a critical overview of the evidence th...

Many years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima ...

We examined recent volcanic cloud events in the Western Pacific and Indonesian area, to validate the performance of remote sensing techniques used to support the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW). Five events were considered, during which eruptions from eight volcanoes injected ash into the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere. For one of the eruptions, at Miyakejima, Japan, at leas...

[1] Volcanoes confront Earth scientists with new fundamental questions: Can airborne volcanic ash release nutrients on contact with seawater, thereby excite the marine primary productivity (MPP); and, most notably, can volcanoes through oceanic fertilization affect the global climate in a way that is so far poorly understood? Here we present results from biogeochemical experiments showing that ...