nowadays, many organizations deal with increasing competition and environmental uncertainty, which caused by innovations in technologies and customer needs change. in term of this condition and environment, old and traditional methods in supply chain has lost their efficiency. on efficient method in this regard is leagility. thus, to model the leagility of supply chain , numbers of research was...

This article summarises initial findings of a study to explore the potential of providing micro-financing for low-income households wishing to invest in improved water supply and sanitation services. Through in-depth interviews with more than 800 households in the city of Hyderabad in India, we conclude that, even if provided with market (not concessional) rates of financing, a substantial prop...

This paper develops a model for the closed-loop supply chain network design with disruption risk. By considering supply disruption, two factors including extra inventory and lateral transshipment are used as resilience strategies. The main purpose is to reduce the supply chain costs due to the location decisions, quantity of products between different levels and lost sale. Disruption in a suppl...

the supply chain represents the critical link between the development of new product and the market in pharmaceutical industry. over the years, improvements made in supply chain operations have focused largely on ways to reduce cost and gain efficiencies in scale. in addition, powerful regulatory and market forces have provided new incentives for pharmaceutical firms to basically rethink the wa...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a nonparametric technique that includes models to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision making units (dmus). it has the ability to separate efficient units and inefficient units. one of the applications of this mathematical technique is evaluating performance of supply chain. according to such as the inefficiency factors of one dmu, is existence congest...

background and objectives: a sudden jump in blood demand during natural disasters may have strong negative impact on the performance of blood supply chain. appropriate response to the emergency situations, requires predictive approach to determining the optimal allocation of blood supply chain resources for various disaster scenarios. the present study, thus, presents an optimization model aime...

the purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. the survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely kedah, kelantan, terengganu, pahang, perak, selangor and johor in peninsular malaysia. a total of one-hundred and sixty seven ffv farmers were randomly selected and personally int...