introduction: soil erosion by water is one of the most important processes of land degradation, especially in semi-arid areas. among different types of the soil erosion, gully erosion accounts as one of the most critical processes which can cause soil destruction, changes in landscape and water resources filling of reservoir of dams,decrease in water transport capacity of rivers and agricultura...

plant diversityis essential to maintain the health of planet's ecosystems. conservation of biodiversity is necessary for the ecological stability and productivity in natural ecosystems. the aim of this research was to study the biodiversity and richness of plant species (including trees, shrubs and grasses) related to the environmental factors (soil and physiography) in the forests of zagros, w...

The external geometry, internal architecture and sedimentary evolution processes of the deep-water channel system in Zhujiang Formation Midwest Baiyun Sag have been revealed detail according to integrated analysis 3D seismic data a large number drilling logging sets. In addition, controlling effect sediment supply, sea level change, shelf break zone palaeogeomorphology on was discussed. Finally...

Unlike green sand, chemically bonded sand cannot be used again and again without reclamation because in this system, the mixed sand gets it`s strength through chemical reaction which is irreversible in nature. Each sand particle is coated with this reacted chemical, which behaves like an inert element after usage once. This inert coating also called “Dead” binder needs to be removed from the us...

Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation and cultivation. Although land leveling with machines requires considerable amount of energy, it delivers a suitable surface slope with minimal soil deterioration as well as damage to plants and other organisms in the soil. Notwithstanding, in recent years researchers have tried to reduce fossil fuel consumption and its delete...

“Il Principe” (the Prince) is the nickname given to a spectacular Mid Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian) burial discovered at Arene Candide, Italy in 1942. Arene Candide is a large cave located about 90 m above sea level on the slope of the Caprazoppa promontory, along the Ligurian coast near Finale Ligure (Savona, Italy). The cave is named after a dune of white siliceous sand of aeolian origin, b...

A schematized process-based model of tidal flat evolution was constructed with dimensions similar to the tidal flats near the Wanggang Mouth at the central coast of Jiangsu, China. The simulated flow patterns agree qualitatively with field observations from literature, i.e. involving tidal asymmetry, current directions and tidal wave features. The analysis of the sediment fluxes depicts that de...

To gain a better understanding of the surfaces of planets and small bodies in the solar system, the flow behavior of granular material for various gravity levels is of utmost interest. We performed a set of reduced-gravity measurements to analyze the flow behavior of granular matter with a quasi-2D hourglass under coarse-vacuum conditions and with a tilting avalanche box. We used the Bremen dro...

After several visits to the area rock workings were found on the southern slope of a high dolerite ridge known locally as "Billy Blue". They were ona large sand-stone rock measuring approximately sixty yards long and four yards wide. It faced west and was on the eastern bank of a creek bed which, though normally dry, has a permanent soakage at its mouth some fifty yards below the carved rock. A...