Due to its low permeability, a clay liner is the main material used in solid waste disposal landfills. It is exposed there to various chemical, biological, and physical events, and the clay liner is affected by the resulting leachate. For this reason, when attempting to define the geotechnical characteristics of clay liners, the use of distilled water or tap water is far from being representati...

A new version of the ESR spin probe partitioning method is developed and applied to the study of hydration properties of dimyristoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) and dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles as functions of salt concentration and temperature above the lipid phase transition. The small spin probe di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DTBN) is used in order to achieve motionally narrowed...

Whether evolution will be rapid enough to rescue declining populations will depend upon population size, the supply of genetic variation, the degree of maladaptation and the historical direction of selection. We examined whether the level of environmental stress experienced by a population prior to abrupt environmental change affects the probability of evolutionary rescue (ER). Hundreds of popu...

1. Comparisons are made of concentrations of K and Br in exudates of barley roots and in expressed sap from roots, under conditions favorable for aerobic metabolism. Both methods lead to the same general viewpoint concerning metabolically governed transport of solutes by living plant cells. 2. Cyanide in low concentration prevented salt accumulation by barley roots. Methylene blue, without decr...

In order to elucidate design principles for biocompatible materials that can be created by in situ transformation from self-assembling oligopeptides, we investigate a class of oligopeptides that can self-assemble in salt solutions to form three-dimensional matrices. This class of peptides possesses a repeated sequence of amino acid residues with the type: hydrophobic/negatively-charged/hydropho...

There is a possibility that the color development of the dye-binding method based on a protein error of a pH indicator is affected by the coexisting inorganic salt. Thus, the author theoretically and experimentally investigated the effect of the inorganic salt on the protein error. In a theoretical analysis, the anion of an inorganic salt, like the dissociated dye and buffer anions, was assumed...

8-Substituted 2-morpholin-4-yl-quinolin-4-ones and 9-substituted 2-morpholin-4-yl-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones with selected aryl and heteroaryl groups as the substituent have been synthesised as potential inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase. A multiple-parallel approach, employing Suzuki cross-coupling methodology, was utilised in the preparation of 8-substituted 2-morpholin-4-yl-quino...

We present results of the hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulations of the osmotic pressure of salt solutions of polyelectrolytes. In our simulations, we used a coarse-grained representation of polyelectrolyte chains, counterions and salt ions. During simulation runs, we alternate Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation steps. Monte Carlo steps were used to perform small ion excha...

This study analyzed the effects of salt reduction on microbiological composition and quality characteristics of deli-style turkey breast and roast beef. Turkey breast and roast beef were manufactured with salt concentrations of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% on a meat block basis in addition to sugar, phosphate, and water. Samples were cooked, chilled overnight, sliced, and packaged. On the day of ...