Over the last two decades, the complementary properties of symbolic and connectionist systems have led to a number of attempts at hybridizing the two approaches to leverage their strengths and alleviate their shortcomings. The fact that those attempts have generally fallen short of their goals largely reflects the difficulties in integrating computational paradigms of a very different nature wi...

The ESR spectra of Cu(sal)2 • 4H 20, Cu(sal)2(2-pycar)2 and Cu(sal)2(3-pycar)2 (sal = salicylate ion; pycar = pyridinemethanol) at 77 К were stud­ ied. The spin Hamiltonian parameters indicate that the unpaired electron is in the antibonding y/b]g molecular orbital. The ESR spectra of pentacoordinated Cu(II) complexes of the [Cu(phen)2X]C104 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; X = CI, Br) exhibit axia...

SAL 2 augments the specification language and explicit-state model checker of SAL 1 with high-performance symbolic and bounded model checkers, and with novel infinite bounded and witnessmodel checkers. The bounded model checker can use several different SAT solvers, while the infinite bounded model checker similarly can use several different ground decision procedures. SAL 2 provides a scriptab...

In this paper, we present the HybridSAL relational abstracter – a tool for verifying continuous and hybrid dynamical systems. The input to the tool is a model of a hybrid dynamical system and a safety property. The output of the tool is a discrete state transition system and a safety property. The correctness guarantee provided by the tool is that if the output property holds for the output dis...

Four phenotypes of a sex-linked, maternally influenced semi-lethal eye color mutant of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood were fed on Trypanosoma congolense Broden infected guinea pigs. Infection rates were evaluated 25 days later by means of dissection. Procyclic as well as mature infections were significantly more common among females with salmon-colored eyes (sal/sal) than among heterozyg...

The Symbolic Analysis Laboratory (SAL) is a suite of tools for analysis of state transition systems. Tools supported include a simulator and four temporal logic model checkers. The common input language to these tools was originally developed with translation from other languages, both programming and specification languages, in mind. It is, therefore, a rich language supporting a range of type...

2 Background: Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a common complication after laminectomy. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a major bioactive component of a traditional Chinese medical agent, Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-proliferative properties. Objection: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of Sal B on the prevention of epidural fibrosis...

This paper presents initial results in model checking multi-threaded Java programs. Java programs are translated into the SAL (Symbolic Analysis Laboratory) intermediate language, which supports dynamic constructs such as object instantiations and thread call stacks. The SAL model checker then exhaustively checks the program description for deadlocks and assertion failures. Basic model checking...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is among the most common causes of mortality in intensive care units. Previous studies have suggested that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may attenuate pulmonary edema. In addition, alveolar epithelial cells type I (ATI) are involved in reducing the alveolar edema in response to ALI. However, the mechanism involved in improving the efficiency of diffe...