Myosin II, like many molecular motors, is a two-headed dimer held together by a coiled-coil rod. The stability of the (S2) rod has implications for head-head interactions, force generation, and possibly regulation. Whether S2 uncoils has been controversial. To test the stability of S2, we constructed a series of "zippered" dimeric smooth muscle myosin II compounds, containing a high-melting tem...

System L (SL), a basolateral amino acid transporter, transports large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) in a Na(+)-independent manner. Previously, we identified two isoforms of transporters: L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and 2 (LAT2) and revealed their distinct substrate selectivity and transport properties. In this study, to establish more stable human LAT1 (hLAT1) and LAT2 (hLAT2) in vitro...

The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating deficits. This evoked potential component is thought to be an important endophenotype candidate for schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that instead of the P50 ratio, S1 and S2 amplitudes should be evaluated for sensory gating. However, no studies have focused on the relationship between cognitive dy...

In this technical report we present a complete proof of the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality on the bi-Sphere from [1, Theorem 4.5]. We use the same notation as in [1]. The Theorem 4.5 of [1] reads as follows: Theorem 1. Let N ∈ N2 and R be a admissible decomposition of S2 × S2 according to a sampling set X such that ‖R‖ ≤ η 21 Ñ , (1) where η ∈ (0, 1) is arbitrarily fixed. Then for r = 1 or r ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between acoustic characteristics of the first and second heart sounds (S1 and S2) and underlying cardiac structure and haemodynamics in patients with isolated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and controls. DESIGN Prospective multicentre cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral and community hospitals. PARTICIPANTS We prospectively evaluated 40 PAH...

A double-loop digraph G(N ; s1, s2) = G(V,E) is defined by V = ZN and E = {(i, i + s1), (i, i + s2)| i ∈ V }, for some fixed steps 1 ≤ s1 < s2 < N with gcd(N, s1, s2) = 1. Let D(N ; s1, s2) be the diameter of G and let us define D(N) = min 1≤s1<s2<N, gcd(N,s1,s2)=1 D(N ; s1, s2), D1(N) = min 1<s<N D(N ; 1, s). Some early works about the diameter of these digraphs studied the minimization of D(N...

This study deals with the problem of whether the processing of irrelevant location information in Simon-like tasks is triggered exogenously or endogenously. In Experiment 1, the primary task required one to press, as fast as possible, a left-hand-side key or a right-hand-side key (R1) to the pitch of a tone that was presented binaurally (S1). The secondary task required identifying, without tim...

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium associated with gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, secretes a protein toxin, VacA, that causes vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells. Several different families of H. pylori vacA alleles can be distinguished based on sequence diversity in the "middle" region (i.e., m1 and m2) and in the 5' end of the gene (i.e.,...

PURPOSE Children's blood changes during angiocardiography may not be only due to the contrast media (CM). METHODS We studied the presence and severity of changes in those parameters in 35 pediatric patients undergoing angiocardiography with ioxaglate aiming to identify independent variable responsible for those changes. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the procedure (SI), at the e...

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family that exhibits a genomic structure similar to that of HIV-1. The S2 accessory proteins play important roles in viral replication in vivo and in viral pathogenicity; however, studies on S2 evolution in vivo are limited. This study analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the S2 gene of a patho...