The latest encampments in public spaces, such as Occupy Wall Street, Taksim Square and Syntagma Square, have highlighted the significance of space shaping social, economic political s...

Two immunologically reactive polysaccharides have been isolated from the cell walls and from culture filtrates of a filamentous alpha-hemolytic streptococcus provisionally designated capsular type 83. Both polysaccharides were purified by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. Analysis indicates that the capsular polysaccharide consists of galactose and phosphorus, whereas the cell wall po...

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a challenging threat to human health. Infections occur after disruption of the normal microbiota, most commonly through the use of antibiotics. Current treatment for CDI largely relies on the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and metronidazole that further disrupt the microbiota resulting in frequent recurrence, highlighting the need for C. difficile...

I t has been recognized for more than a century that For venous thrombosis, stasis and local alterations in stasis of blood, abnormalities of the vessel wall, blood elements are most important, since major and changes in the soluble and formed elements of pathologic changes are not seen routinely in the vessel the blood are the major contributors to thrombosis. wall at the nidus of a venous thr...

Regular crystalline surface layers (S-layers) are widespread among prokaryotes and probably represent the earliest cell wall structures. S-layer genes have been found in approximately 400 different species of the prokaryotic domains bacteria and archaea. S-layers usually consist of a single (glycorprotein species with molecular masses rang­ ing from about 40 to 200 kDa that form lattices of obl...

Host- and phage-coded cell wall hydrolases have been used to fight Streptococcus pneumoniae growing as planktonic cells in vitro as well as in animal models. Until now, however, the usefulness of these enzymes in biofilm-grown pneumococci has gone untested. The antipneumococcal activity of different cell wall hydrolases produced by S. pneumoniae and a number of its phages was examined in an in ...

Clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus with different phenotypic methicillin susceptibility characteristics, bearing or lacking the mecA gene, were tested for their ability to transform into a cell wall-deficient state under special conditions of cultivation. Conversion to L-form growth with formation of typical L-form 'fried egg' colonies and expression of oxacillin resistance was observed ...

H : specific total enthalpy α : angle of attack h : specific static enthalpy β : sideslip (yaw) angle J r : mass diffusion flux vector γs : recombination coefficient L : characteristic length ∆s : wall-normal grid spacing M : Mach number or molar mass ε : emissivity n : unit normal κ : gas mixture thermal conductivity p : Pressure μ : gas mixture viscosity Q : heat load σ : Stefan-Boltzmann con...

1. L. Fejer, Neue Eigenschaften der Mittelwerte bei den Fourierreihen, J. London Math. Soc. vol. 8 (1933) pp. 53-62. 2. M. S. Robertson, On the coefficients of a typically-real function, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 41 (1935) pp. 565-572. 3. W. Rogosinski, Uber positive harmonische Enlwicklungen und typischreelle Potenzreihen, Math. Z. vol. 35 (1932) pp. 93-121. 4. W. T. Scott and H. S. Wall, Th...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating fungal pathogen with worldwide distribution. S. sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungus that secretes many cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that destroy plant's cell-wall components. Functional analyses of the genes that encode CWDEs will help explain the mechanisms of growth and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Here, we isolated and ch...