This study concerns diploid chromosome numbers and karyotype analysis of nine species belonging to four sections (Vicilla, Cracca, Variegata and Anatropostylia) of the subgenus Vicilla of the genus Vicia (Fabaceae). The chromosome numbers of Vicia alpestris subsp. hypoleuca, V. aucheri, V. ciceroideae, V. gariensis, V. iranica, V. koeieana, V. rechingeri, V. sojakii and V. venulosa are reported...

1 Two Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events, observed during October and November 2011 in 2 the equatorial Indian Ocean during the DYNAMO field campaign, are simulated in a small-3 domain cloud-resolving model using parameterized large-scale dynamics. Three 4 parameterizations of large-scale dynamics-the conventional weak temperature gradient (WTG) 5 approximation, vertical mode based spectral...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones. Typhoons Rammasun and Chataan developed in the weste...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of variability in the tropical atmosphere on intraseasonal time scales and planetary spatial scales. Despite the primary importance of the MJO and the decades of research progress since its original discovery, a generally accepted theory for its essential mechanisms has remained elusive. In recent work by two of the authors, a minimal dyn...

The observed convective adjustment time (CAT) associated with Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) precipitation is found to vary significantly in space. Here, we investigate the effect of different spatial distributions of CAT on MJO precipitation based on the frictional coupled dynamics moisture (FCDM) model. The results show that a large value of CAT tends to decrease the frequency and growth rat...

A stochastic barotropic model linearized about the 850-mb flow is used to investigate the relationship between wind variations associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and eddy kinetic energy variations in the Tropics. Such a model is successful in predicting the observed location of eddy kinetic energy maxima during the westerly phase of the MJO and the suppression of eddy activity ...