In this paper we define the p-density of a finite subset D ⊂ Nr , and show that it gives a good lower bound for the p-adic valuation of exponential sums over finite fields of characteristic p. We also give an application: when r = 1, the p-density is the first slope of the generic Newton polygon of the family of Artin-Schreier curves associated to polynomials with their exponents in D. 0. Intro...

The effects of surface gravity waves on pore-water release from permeable sediment (k 5 1.3–1.8 3 10211 m2) in shallow water were studied in a wave tank. Our tracer experiments demonstrated that shallow-water waves can increase fluid exchange between sandy sediment and overlying water 50-fold, relative to the exchange by molecular diffusion. The main driving force for this increased exchange ar...

The reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and NO* has been investigated thoroughly in recent years, but its mechanism is still a matter of substantial controversy. We have carried out a systematic study of the influence of the following factors on the yield of S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) generated from the reaction of NO* with oxy-, deoxy-, and metHb: 1) the volumetric ratio of the protein and the ...

RBCs distribute oxygen to tissues, but, paradoxically, blood transfusion does not always improve oxygen delivery and is associated with ischemic events. We hypothesized that storage of blood would result in loss of NO bioactivity, impairing RBC vasodilation and thus compromising blood flow, and that repleting NO bioactivity would restore RBC function. We report that S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb)...