the chechen republic (commonly referred to as chechnya) is a part of vast territory of russian federation that has been a source of contention since collapse of the soviet :union:. identity elements and tattered cultural bonds have strained ties between two nations of chechnya and russia. various aspects of crisis in chechnya have been addressed by many theoretical approaches of international r...

Abstract The growing prevalence of cyberwar highlights rapidly shifting conceptions geopolitical space in global politics. However, critical geographical engagement with the topic remains limited, leaving spaces critically unexamined. To facilitate greater cyberwar, this paper proposes a spatiality power model to examine how political and might manifest cyberwar. four ways which offline can be ...

during the past 500 years, iran and russia have experienced many ups and downs in their relations which have been accompanied with enmity and amity. these relations varied from cooperation under the safavids to enmity, war and interventions under the qajar dynasty, then to hostile and sometimes friendly relations under the pahlavi rule, and finally to collaborations within the past two decades ...

putin’s policies have had significant impact on russian foreign policy after the cold war. despite the fact that putin sought for increasing russia’s power to the same level as the cold war, however; he was aware that the nature of the international system has undergone serious changes. therefore, some specific factors including close collaboration with the united states, an energy-oriented for...

increase of influence and dominance over independent republics of central assia and caucasus in order to utilize the natural overflowing sources of this region is in immense strategy of america in future. therefore, by expanding nato into this region america is trying to decrease the influence of russia in these republics and in the meantime fulfilling the above purpose and also to prevent the ...

the most important characteristics of the occupants of the second millennium bc in northern iran and its adjacent regions such as the provinces of east azerbaijan, ardabil, azerbaijan republic, armenia and southern russia, is the settlements containing castles with defense walls and huge stone graves as well using bronze artifacts and production of gray and buff polished pottery. the presence o...