INTRODUCTION Rural-urban inequalities in China have been widening over the past few decades. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents may encounter various barriers to equal opportunities to effectively engage in physical activity. This study examines the rural-urban disparity in physical activity, proximity and satisfaction with local exercise facilities. METHODS An in-person su...

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania. DESIGN Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders. SETTING Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, we...

OBJECTIVES To describe trends in the availability of biomarker testing in Chinese hospitals and how practice complies with established standards for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Cardiac biomarker testing is standard in high-income countries, but little is known about the availability and use of cardiac biomarker testing in low- and middle-income countries (LM...

The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired infections is a major public health concern that has both biological and economic causes. Here we develop conceptual mathematical models that couple the economic incentives and population biology of hospital infection control (HIC). We show that the optimal investment by a hospital for HIC changes with the proportion of pati...

INTRODUCTION There is a tendency in health policy in Ontario, Canada, to conflate 'northern' with 'rural' and to equate northern rural settings with southern ones. Although previous research has identified some differences between rural and urban practitioners, these studies have not acknowledged the subtle nuances that make rural practice different in the north than in the south. This study lo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke mortality is 30% higher in the rural United States. This could be because of either higher incidence or higher case fatality from stroke in rural areas. METHODS The urban-rural status of 23 280 stroke-free participants recruited between 2003 and 2007 in the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) was classified using the Rural-Urba...

When Congress created the Medicare Prospective Payment System (PPS) for hospitals in 1983, it established separate standardized payment amounts (national average costs per Medicare case) for inpatient services provided by urban and rural hospitals. The urban standardized amount was 25.3 percent greater than the rural standardized amount. This variation in payment was challenged by rural health ...

This article wants to propose this theory that Farm Corporations are agropolitan development models in Iran. As over-concentrating investments to the urban areas did not lead to a trickledown effect to the rural areas. To the extreme, there are ideas to minimize linkages with the urban economy, and to make the rural areas pursue self-sufficiency by maximizing its potentials. However, against th...