The purpose of this descriptive-correlation study was to investigate effective factors on rural people’s non-participation of Mahabad’s dam catchment in Watershed Management Projects. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which its validity confirmed by panel of academic staff and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed. The target population of thi...

BACKGROUND It is essential to understand how we can prevent and treat the epidemic of depression. Several studies have reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the urban population in China, but there is a lack of information regarding the prevalence of depression in rural populations. OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of depression in a rural Chinese population and to analyze t...

Leptospirosis has been reported in rural areas of Brazil. However, there is limited information about the exposure risk or the risk of Leptospira infection for rural-based populations. A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence and risk factors for prior Leptospira infection in a rural subsistence farming region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, an area in w...

There are few FASD multi-disciplinary diagnostic teams in rural regions of Canada. Families often have difficulty accessing their services because of the lack of clinics available in Canada and the distance rural residents must travel to access one. Since its grass-roots beginning in 1995, the Lakeland Centre for FASD in north eastern Alberta has developed a community-based FASD diagnostic serv...

Like other animals, primates respond to predation using behavioural adaptations. Hence, they should optimise their escape strategy under the risk of predation, and flee at a distance, referred to as flight initiation distance (FID), when the fitness-related benefits of staying are balanced against the costs of escape. However, there is an absence of FID studies in primates. In this study, we us...

Urban areas are expanding rapidly, but a few native species have successfully colonized them. The processes underlying such colonization events are poorly understood. Using the blackbird Turdus merula, a former forest specialist that is now one of the most common urban birds in its range, we provide the first assessment of two contrasting urban colonization models. First, that urbanization occu...

In this paper a two period overlapping generation model with an urban and rural region is developed where the number of high skill individuals working in each region is determined endogenously. The basic model is modified to examine how migration behavior reacts to: 1) a knowledge externality introduced in the urban employment sector; and 2) introduction of rural amenities and the effect of an ...

BACKGROUND Coordinated, interdisciplinary services, supported by self-management underpin effective management for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, a combination of system, provider and consumer-based barriers exist which limit the implementation of such models into practice, particularly in rural areas where unique access issues exist. In order to improve health service delivery for cons...

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the community in Ghana was never investigated prior to this study. The aims of the study were: i) to assess prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage in Ghanaian people living in an urban and a rural area, and ii) to identify phenotypic and genotypic traits of strains isolated from the two communities. Nasal swabs were collected from healthy individuals...

An epidemiological survey was carried out to ascertain the reasons and the factors that contribute to dental extractions in a rural and an urban population of Saudi Arabia. A total of 820 individuals (400 in an urban area and 420 in a rural area) aged between 20 and 80 years were included in the study. Eight dentists in the region obtained personal and demographic data and clinical details from...