OBJECTIVE We tested whether soap presence in the home or a designated handwashing station was associated with diarrhoea and respiratory illness in Kenya. METHODS In April 2009, we observed presence of a handwashing station and soap in households participating in a longitudinal health surveillance system in rural Kenya. Diarrhoea and acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children < 5 years old we...

OBJECTIVE Characterising exposure to indoor air pollution arising from solid-fuel use in extremely poor Colombian households. METHODS Data from the September 2012 survey by Red Unidos (literally United Network, the Colombian government's official instrument for identifying extremely poor households: n=1.3 million households and >5 million people) was used for two logistic regression models: f...

The objective of this study was to analyse the feasibility of adopting renewable energy technologies such as Solar PV systems and improved wood-fuel stoves in rural households and the role of such technologies on sustainable energy use and rural development in Tanzania. To reach this objective, the study analysed the current status of energy supply and energy use in rural Tanzania. Furthermore,...

BACKGROUND This study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in Iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately. METHOD This study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fai...

Title: Cost of dengue and other febrile illnesses to households in rural Cambodia: A prospective community-based case-control study

introduction: according to psychological research female-headed households have a lot of physical and mental problems because they experience more stress and anxiety than other women in general population. aims of this study determine of quality of life and associated factors in female-headed households under cover welfare organization of ilam province.materials &amp; methods: in this descripti...

This paper provides a comprehensive view of household responses to insecurity by examining chances along the extensive and intensive margins of livelihoods during a conflict. In particular, it examines how insecurity affects both the choice of activities and the composition of associated livestock and crop portfolios. Uniquely, I rely on a sample of over 690,000 rural households, accounting for...

— Agriculture made major contributions to China’s growth and poverty reduction, but the literature has rarely focused on the institutional factors that might underpin such structural transformation and productivity. Drawing on an 8-year panel of 1,200 households in six provinces, we find that land tenure insecurity, measured by past land reallocations, discourages households from quitting agric...

This paper analyzes how producer cooperatives may bene t households in rural environments. In particular, it explores if cooperatives help poor households to exit poverty through three mechanisms: increases in prices, total factor productivity, and relaxation of credit constraints. In a multi-period model I characterize the conditions that must hold so that the always poor can exit poverty when...

In Nepal, little emphasis has been placed on the need to link healthcare-seeking behavior (HCSB) with health policy. The purpose of this study is to identify the HCSB of 405 households that were randomly selected from 28 communities in a hilly region of central Nepal. In assessing HCSB, we found that some form of illness strikes about 50% of households each year. When rural Nepalese are moderat...