We have shown in defect experiments that an 8-cell embryo of Xenopus laevis consists of three kinds of cells, that is, animal, vegetal dorsal and vegetal ventral cells, and that cells of different kinds are distinctly different in their developmental capacity. Complete pattern formation occurs in any defect embryo which contains at least two animal, one vegetal dorsal and one vegetal ventral ce...

C H I L D (1936) has described reduction gradients in different stages of developing sea-urchin and starfish larvae. His results concerning the gradients in seaurchin mesenchyme blastulae and early gastrulae have been confirmed with Janus green. There exists a stronger vegetal (acropetal) reduction gradient and a weaker animal one, appearing later, in the normal whole larva. Isolated vegetal ha...

Banana is a key staple and cash crop in east and central Africa. However, the recent outbreak of Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) has threatened farmers whose livelihoods depend on the crop. Since 2002, stakeholders embarked on campaigns to sensitize farmers on the disease and its management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these efforts by examining farmers’ awareness of the disease, co...

introduction food security over the past decade was one of the main objectives of rural development policies in many countries. agricultural policies such as productive improvement, conservation and utilization of water and land resources are being considered in the heart of development projects. among these initiatives to achieve improved quality of infrastructure, environment and welfare is t...

Despite policy reforms and the integration of various linkages in rice production by Vietnamese government, small-scale farmers' (small farmers’) access to market is limited. A value chain link a powerful tool for improving small competitiveness. The benefits horizontal vertical coordination on farm household performance were investigated using dataset 160 farmers. Twenty-two stakeholders also ...

Introducción: Los recursos forestales nativos, principalmente en el bioma caatinga brasileño, son importantes para la subsistencia de población rural como industria local cerámica roja y yeso.Objetivo: Analizar disparidad municipal valor bruto producción productos madereros nativos Paraíba, Brasil.Materiales métodos: Se utilizaron datos sobre (VBP) (leña, carbón madera rollo) los municipios Bra...

The purpose of this study was to examine safety observance when spraying pesticide and pesticide related symptoms among Korean farmers. As a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in rural communities and an investigation carried out by a structured survey of 135 farmers. The results are as follows: The mean of safety observance when spraying pesticides was 3.05±0.58 (range...

Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy as two-third of the population live in rural areas and directly or indirectly depend on agriculture for their livelihood. India’s food production has improved significantly during the last three decades due to all-round efforts but Indian agriculture is still facing a multitude of problems to maximize productivity to feed the continuously increasin...

In agricultural sector, farmers in rural areas faced major problems because of illiteracy. They cannot take the advantage of internet to access the information related to farming. The information represented in icons will help the farmers to take the important decisions. Also there will be additional benefit to farmer as there is speech based interaction in Indian language with icons. According...

To examine the nature of cytoplasm determinants for dorsal specification in zebrafish, we have developed a method in which we remove the vegetal yolk hemisphere of early fertilized eggs (vegetal removed embryos). When the vegetal yolk mass was removed at the 1-cell stage, the embryos frequently exhibited typical ventralized phenotypes: no axial structures developed. The frequency of dorsal defe...