six rumen fistulated adult sheep were used to assess the effect of tannins (hydrolysable tannin; hts) in oak leaves (quercus libani oliv.) on ruminal fermentation parameters in a change-over design experiment for 28 days in 3 periods. polyethylene glycol (peg) was used to deactivate the tannins. the three dietary treatments were control (alfalfa hay, barley grain, wheat bran, wheat straw); ol (...

effects of summer savory (satureja hortensis l.) dry powder (ssdp) and essential oil (sseo) on performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites were assessed using 20west azerbaijan native kids (16±1.94 kg initial live weight) in a random block design with 5 treatments (4 replicates per treatment) over a 13-week period. treatments were: i) basal diet without additive (control), ii): basa...

Thirty-eight young Alpine goats, 16.1 ( 0.370) kg body weight (BW), were reared at QuereÂtaro, Mexico, grazing on a semi-arid woody brush (Caducifolio espinoso) range land. The experimental goats (n ˆ 20) were pastured daily and supplemented with 200 g/day of a complex catalytic feed (CCF). It consisted of molasses (14±18%), urea (8±10%), salt (3± 4%), limestone (3±4%), cottonseed meal (13±18%)...

We hypothesized that microbial efficiency and output from fermentation in the rumen would be optimized when peptide supply was balanced with peptide requirement of ruminal microflora. This study was conducted to measure response of varying rumen degradable peptide (RDPep) supply on ruminal fermentation characteristics and steer growth. A continuous culture experiment was conducted with diets fo...

The objectives were to compare the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (Biocellulase A20) or anhydrous ammonia (4% DM) treatment on the nutritive value, voluntary intake, and digestion kinetics of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cultivar Coastal) hay harvested after 2 maturities (5- and 13-wk regrowths). Six individually housed, ruminally cannulated Brangus steers (BW 325 ± 10 kg) were used in...

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of various amounts of treated sunflower meal (SFM) with extracted tannins from pistachio hulls on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation in ruminants. The SFM was treated with pistachio extract concentrate (PEC), which contained 111.40 g kg-1 total phenol and 71.30 g kg-1 total tannin per dry matter of e...

Urea, a non-protein nitrogen for dairy cows, is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia by urease produced by ureolytic bacteria in the rumen, and the ammonia is used as nitrogen for rumen bacterial growth. However, there is limited knowledge with regard to the ureolytic bacteria community in the rumen. To explore the ruminal ureolytic bacterial community, urea, or acetohydroxamic acid (AHA, an inhibitor...

Background: Aflatoxins are fungal secondary metabolites negatively affecting ruminant performance; however, little information is available on their impact on rumen fermentation. Aims: This study aimed at determining the effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus on in vitro gas production and ruminal fe...

In ruminants excess dietary Nitrogen (N) is excreted as urea mainly through urine. Urea, the major form of urinary N is rapidly converted to ammonia after excretion. Ammonia is an important environmental pollutant that impacts the quality of human and animal life .The NRC (2001) considered ammonia emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) as a major air quality concern. Ammon...