Xylanase is a crucial hydrolytic enzyme that degrades plant polysaccharides in the rumen. To date, there is no information on the genetic composition and expression characteristics of ruminal xylanase during feeding cycles of ruminants. Here, the major xylanase of the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH 10) from the rumen of small-tail Han sheep was investigated during a feeding cycle. We identif...

The aim of the present study was to describe age-related changes in anatomic, functional and microbial variables during the rumen development process, as affected by the feeding system (supplemental feeding v. grazing), in goats. Goats were slaughtered at seven time points that were selected to reflect the non-rumination (0, 7 and 14 d), transition (28 and 42 d) and rumination (56 and 70 d) pha...

The accumulation of industrial by-products increases the use sweet potato waste for ruminants, but ruminal pH characteristics are still not well known. objective was to assess fluctuation in sheep supplemented with different levels flour inclusion their diet. Four rumen-fistulated were used; they fed a diet based on ryegrass haylage (Lolium multiflorum) and (Ipomoea batatas), provided according...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of virginiamycin (VM ) supplementation on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in steers. Four ruminally cannulated Chinese Luxi steers (BW 559.4 ± 30.1 kg) were used in a crossover design experiment with an experimental period of 28 days. The forage to concentrate ratio of the basal diet was 35:65 on dry matter basis. ...

This trial was designed in order to evaluate the incidence of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) during early lactation and to investigate the possibilities for its prevention by use of a buffering mineral mixture. On the beginning of the trial it was found that the pH value of rumen fluid in 4 animals was lower than normal (pH < 6.0) and that 20% of animals have had SARA. The control and the exper...

Experiments were carried out in vivo to investigate the pathways of ammonia incorporation into rumen bacteria, bacterial fractions and free amino acids within the bacteria. Steers were alternately given two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing the nitrogen mainly as either urea or decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM). At the end of each period on a given diet, a solution of 15NH4Cl was i...

This experiment investigated the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) and ruminally degraded protein (RDP) levels on rumen fermentation, digestibility, ammonia emission from manure, and performance of lactating dairy cows. The experiment was a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with 6 cows. Three diets varying in CP concentration were tested (CP, % of dry matter): 15.4 (high CP, control), 13....

Next to rumen acidosis, other forms of acidosis may also affect lactational performance cows. Therefore, the effects hindgut induced via abomasal infusion ground corn, and metabolic NH4Cl, were studied in cows early lactation. Observations made on intake digestibility nutrients, lactation performance, energy N partitioning, blood acid-base status, fermentation characteristics. In a 6 × Latin sq...

The objectives of this study were to induce hindgut and metabolic acidosis via abomasal infusion corn starch β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), respectively, determine the effects these physiological states in early-lactation dairy cows. In a 6 × Latin square design, rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian cows (66 ± 18 d milk) subjected 5 continuous treatments followed by 2 rest. 3 factorial with levels BHB....

Two trials were conducted to study ruminal lactic acid, histamine, tyramine and tryptamine concentrations following glucose engorgement in vitro and in vivo. Also, electrolyte changes in rumen fluid, blood plasma and urine during lactic acidosis were examined. Experiment 1 involved the addition of glucose to rumen fluid in vitro. After 30 hr of incubation, decreases in pH and increases in lacti...