Motivation The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global standard that promotes transparency and accountability in resource-rich countries to improve governance of the extractive sector. Despite improvements subnational disclosure royalty payments, significant problem failure these efforts benefits mining communities. Purpose article asks how institutions local affect nat...

Mining royalties provide a volatile source of revenue for state governments in Australia. We explore the effects changes royalty received by government on current-year budget decisions about expenditure, tax and surplus. The literature postulates different models how lower-level respond to windfall from higher level government. Empirical evidence these over 1998–2019 provides strong that half b...

This decision focused on the impact of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28 2002, hereinafter “MPRDA”) an old-order mining right (based upon a mineral lease) which had been converted into in terms transitional arrangements Schedule II MPRDA. In particular, court held that consideration form (contractual) royalty, as provided for lease, remains payable conversion by its former hol...

How do licensing and technology transfer influence the spread of General Purpose Technologies? To answer this question, we analyze diffusion transistor, one most important technologies our time. We show that transistor cross-technology spillovers increased dramatically after AT&T began its patents along with symposia to educate follow-on inventors in 1952. Both these itself played roles diffusi...